Table 1.
Summary of methods for the determination of blood Hg and Pb measurements
|
Analyte
|
Sample and sample size
|
Method
|
Limit of detection
|
Ref.
|
| Hg | Blood (20-30 mL) | CV-AAS | NA | [34] |
| Red blood cells1 | NA | [40] | ||
| Blood (3-5 mL) | NA | [41] | ||
| Red blood cells (0.4 mL), plasma (0.5 mL) | 0.09 ng/mL | [42] | ||
| Hg | Blood1 | CV-AFS | 0.09 μg/L2 | [31] |
| Blood (0.5 g) | 0.001 μg/L | [43] | ||
| Hg | Blood (20 mL) | DMA | 0.01 μg/L | [47,48] |
| Pb | Blood (3-5 mL) | AAS | NA | [35] |
| Blood (3 mL) | 25.01 µg/L | [38] | ||
| Blood (3-5 mL) | NA | [41] | ||
| Blood (3-5 mL) | 0.03 μg/dL | [55] | ||
| Pb | Blood1 | GF-AAS | 2.85 μg/dL2 | [31] |
| Blood (20-30 mL) | NA | [34] | ||
| Blood (50 µL) | 0.042 μg/dL | [36] | ||
| Blood (20 mL) | 0.01 μg/dL | [47] | ||
| Blood1, hair (1 g) | NA | [56] | ||
| Blood (0.5-2 mL) | 25 μg/L | [57] | ||
| Pb | Bone1 | X-ray fluorescence | 2 µg/g | [38] |
| Hg, Pb | Blood (1 mL), hair (5-10 mg) | ICP-MS | NA | [30] |
| Blood (2-3 mL) | 0.25 μg/L (Hg) | [32] | ||
| Blood (2-3 mL) | 0.25 μg/dL (Pb) | [32] | ||
| Blood (20-30 mL) | 0.1 μg/L (Hg) | [34] | ||
| Blood (20-30 mL) | 0.002 μg/dL (Pb) | [34] | ||
| Blood1 | 1.3 μg/dL (Pb) | [37] | ||
| Blood1 | 0.24 μg/L (Hg) | [45] | ||
| Blood (20 mL) | 0.3 μg/dL (Pb) | [59] | ||
| Hg, Pb | Blood (46 µL) | DBS with ICP-MS | 0.65 μg/L (Hg) | [60] |
| Blood (46 µL) | 0.27 μg/dL (Pb) | [60] | ||
| Blood (30 µL) | NA | [61] | ||
| Blood (50 µL) | 0.13 ppb2 (Hg) | [62] | ||
| Blood (50 µL) | 2.38 ppb2 (Pb) | [62] | ||
| Blood (6.2 µL) | 0.7 μg/L (Hg) | [63] | ||
| Methylmercury | Blood (0.5 g) | GC-CV-AFS | 0.0001 μg/L | [43] |
| Dental amalgam1 | NA | [50] | ||
| Blood (0.5 mL) | 0.1 pg/L | [51] | ||
| I-Hg, methylmercury | Blood (0.5 g) | GC-ICP-MS with SIDMS | NA | [26] |
| I-Hg, methylmercury | Blood (35-50 µL) | DBS with GC-CV-AFS | 0.3 μg/L (methylmercury) | [64] |
| Blood (40-60 µL) | 1.9 μg/L (I-Hg) | [65] | ||
| Blood (40-60 µL) | [65] |
1
Sample size unspecified.
2
Lowest detected concentration reported in the study (limit of detection not available).
NA: Limit of detection and lowest detected concentration not available; CV-AAS: Cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry; CV-AFS: CV-AAS to atomic fluorescence spectrometry; DMA: Direct mercury analysis; AAS: Atomic absorption spectrometry; GF-AAS: Graphite furnace AAS; ICP-MS: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; SIDMS: Speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry; DBS: Dried blood spot.