Table 2.
Prognostic markers found in colorectal cancer
|
Prognostic biomarker
|
Molecular level
|
Sample
|
Expression
|
Ref.
|
| Carcinoembryonic antigen | Protein | Plasma | ↑ | Li et al[79], 2018 |
| Major histocompatibility complex, class I, B (HLAB) | Protein | Fresh Frozen Tissue | ↑ | Kirana et al[80], 2019 |
| 14-3-3b protein (YWHAB) | ||||
| A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 2 | ||||
| Leukotriene B3 | ||||
| Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase 2 | ||||
| Jagged Canonical Notch Ligand 2 | ||||
| Collagen type XII (FACIT) | Protein | Colorectal liver metastasis tissue | ↑ | van Huizen et al[81], 2019 |
| Heat shock protein 47 | Protein | Fresh Frozen Tissue | ↑ | Mori et al[82], 2017 |
| Ezrin protein | Protein | Cells and tissue | ↑ | Patara et al[85], 2011 |
| Collagen VI (COL6) | Protein | Fresh Frozen Tissue | ↑ | Clarke et al[86], 2017 |
| Forkhead box O3 | ||||
| RAD51 (DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1) | ||||
| Lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase | ||||
| Inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase | ||||
| Phospho-PEA15 (Ser116) | ||||
| Phosho-S6 (Ser240-244) | ||||
| Phospho-PRAS40 (Thr-246) | ||||
| Mammary serine protease inhibitor | Protein | Fresh Frozen Tissue | ↑ | Snoeren et al[87], 2013 |
| Alpha-fetoprotein | Protein | Serum | - | Zhu et al[88], 2013 |
| Complement C4-A (C4A) | ||||
| Fibrinogen alpha | ||||
| Eukaryotic peptide chain release factor GTP-binding subunit ERF3B (GSPT2) | ||||
| Angiotensinogen | ||||
| Hippurate, Butyrate | Amino acid | Urine | ↑ | Liesenfeld et al[89], 2015 |
| Glycerol, Galactarate | ||||
| Urea, Carnitine | Amino acid | Urine | ↓ | Liesenfeld et al[89], 2015 |
| AFAP1 Antisense RNA 1 | lncRNA | Datasets | ↑ | Li et al[72], 2016 |
| Breast Cancer Anti-Estrogen Resistance 4 | ||||
| H19 | ||||
| HOXA Cluster Antisense RNA 2 | ||||
| Metastasis Associated | ||||
| Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) | ||||
| Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 | ||||
| ADAMTS9 Antisense RNA 2 | lncRNA | Datasets | ↓ | Li et al[72], 2016 |
| miR-429 | microRNA | Fresh Frozen Tissue | ↓ | Li et al[73], 2013 |
| hsa-mir-191, hsa-mir-200b | microRNA | Datasets | - | Kandimalla et al[75], 2018 |
| hsa-mir-30b, hsa-mir-30c2 | ||||
| hsa-mir-33a, hsamir-362 | ||||
| hsa-mir 429, and hsa-mir-744 | ||||
| VNN1-AB | Transcript | Datasets | - | Løvf et al[76], 2014 |
| Kirsten rat sarcoma oncogene 2 (KRAS) | Gene | Datasets | - | Kadowaki et al[67], 2015 |
| Murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) | ||||
| Tumor protein 53 | Gene | Datasets | - | Ting et al[59], 2013 |
| SMAD Family Member 4 | Gene | Datasets | - | Mei et al[65], 2018 |
| Neurofibromatosis type 1 |