Figure 3.

Normalized relative expression (NRE) of immune-related genes on gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed with experimental (control and PPH) diets. The expression of cd4 (a), mn-sod (b), and cat (c) were evaluated in splenocyte primary cell cultures (SPCC) isolated from gilthead sea breams at 4, 12, and 24 h after exposure to PBS or LPS. Orange and yellow bars: LPS-treated splenocytes from gilthead sea bream fed with control and PPH diets, respectively. Blue and grey bars: PBS-treated splenocytes from gilthead sea bream fed with the control and PPH diets, respectively. The time 0 h corresponds to the basal state prior to the beginning of the treatment. Data are shown as the mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 4 per dietary group). No statistical differences were found between the dietary treatments and sampling points (two-way ANOVA, p > 0.05). Abbreviations: cd4, cluster of differentiation 4; mn-sod, manganese superoxide dismutase; cat, catalase.