Table 7.
Prevalence of respiratory viruses 1 and bacteria 2 in 384 3 deep nasopharyngeal swab samples from calves from 12 Swiss veal calf farms. Only bacteria found in combination in more than five 5 observations are presented.
| Organism | BCoV | BRSV | BPI3V | ICV | IDV 4 | BCoV + BRSV | BCoV + BPI3V | BCoV + IDV | BCoV + BRSV +IDV | BCoV + BPI3V + IDV | IDV + BPI3V | IDV + BRSV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virus isolation only | 117 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |||
| P. multocida | 49 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 1 | |||||||
| M. dispar | 34 | 2 | 1 | |||||||||
| M. pernigra | 14 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |||||||
| M. bovis | 12 | 1 | ||||||||||
| M. haemolytica | 9 | 1 |
1 Virus detection by polymerase chain reaction. 2 Isolation of bacteria (Pasteurella (P.) multocida, Mannheimia (M.) haemolytica, Histophilus (H.) somni, Mannheimia (M.) pernigra, Mycoplasma (M.) bovis, Mycoplasma (M.) dispar) by culture as described in [41]. 3 Full dataset including both viral and bacterial analyses was available for 657 out of a total of 764 samples included in this study. Out of these 657 samples, 384 tested positive for at least one of the viral pathogens analyzed in this study, 273 tested negative for all viruses. BCoV: bovine coronavirus; BRSV: bovine respiratory syncytial virus; BPI3V: bovine parainfluenza-3 virus; ICV: influenza C virus; 4 IDV: influenza D virus.