Table 3.
Summary of studies on the nano drugs developed to treat reproductive-related diseases.
| Type of Drug | Formula | Technique | Particle Characteristics | Drug Activity | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antibiotic [99] | Enrofloxacin- poly lactic-co-glycolic acid NPs |
- | Size = 102 nm PdI = 0.095 Zp = −32 mV |
Antimicrobial agent against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli | Endometritis and mastitis treatment |
| Antibiotic [102] | Tilmicosin-loaded hydrogenated castor oil NPs | Hot homogenization and ultrasonication | Size = 343 nm PdI = 0.33 Zp = 7.9 mV EE = 60.4% |
Antimicrobial agent against Staphylococcus aureus | Mastitis treatment |
| Antibiotic [100] | Triclosan-loaded liposome NPs | Dehydration-rehydration | Size = 53.3 nm EE = 90% |
Antimicrobial agent against Toxoplasma gondii | Toxoplasmosis treatment |
| Antibiotic [101] | Atovaquone-poloxamer 188 - sodium dodecyl sulfate | - | - | Antimicrobial agent against Toxoplasma gondii | Toxoplasmosis treatment |
| Nitric oxide (NO) [110] | NO-alginate-chitosan NO-chitosan-TPP |
- | Size= 270–375 nm PdI=0.27–0.31 Zp = 16−17 mV |
Antimicrobial agent against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli | Mastitis treatment |
| Metal [91] | Silver NPs | Biosynthesis by apigenin | Size = 10 nm | Antimicrobial agent against Prevotella melaninogenica and Arcanobacterium pyogenes | Antibiotic alternative for endometritis treatment |
| Metal [108] | Silver NPs | Biosynthesis by quercetin | Size = 20 nm Zp= 37.7mV |
Antimicrobial agent against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Antibiotic alternative for mastitis treatment |
| Chitosan [106] | Chitosan-TPP Nps | Ionotropic gelation | Size = 19.1 nm PdI = 0.41 Zp = 49.9 mV Yield particle = 92.8% |
Antimicrobial agent against Pseudomona sp. | Antibiotic alternative for mastitis treatment |
| Antibiotic + polyphenol [105] | Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid-epigallocatechin gallate- doxycycline Nps Singh et al., 2015 |
Modified double emulsion solvent evaporation/extraction technique | Size = 176 to 211 nm PdI = 0.124 to 0.466 EE= 78.5 to 86.3% |
Anti-inflammatory agent | Assisted-endometritis therapy |
| Essential oil 1 | Oregano oil Nps | - | - | Antimicrobial agent against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp. | Antibiotic alternative for endometritis treatment |
Nps = nanoparticles, Zp = zeta potential, PdI = Polydispersityindex, and EE = encapsulation efficiency.1 https://patents.google.com/patent/CN104288222A/en; accessed on 12 February 2021.