Table 1.

Attributes of respondents and their livestock living near (<1 km; n = 147) and far (>1 km; n = 153) from Bardia National Park (BNP), Nepal, 2015–2019. Parameters included age (years), gender (male or female), education (educated: people who attended school through grade five or above; non-educated: people who did not go to school or attended school through grade four or less), occupation (agricultural: if daily life is sustained from agricultural products; or other: if their daily livelihood depends on non-agricultural income), family size (number of individuals), total livestock owned (all hoofed livestock including cattle, buffalo, and goats), and total livestock killed (number of livestock killed including cattle, buffalo, and goats). Range of reported values are in parentheses.

Parameters	Near to BNP	Far from BNP	p
Median age	39 (20–88)	43 (20–73)	0.560
Gender (% male)	66	62	0.534
Education (%)	37	28	0.555
Agriculture-basedLivelihood (%)	95	94	0.763
Median family size	7 (3–16)	7 (3–12)	0.855
Median livestock owned	14 (2–38)	14 (2–37)	0.126
Median livestock killed	5 (0–22)	6 (2–16)	<0.055