Table 1.
Overview over the countries, including sample sizes, gender, age and reliability. Mean scores of the Composite Respect for the Composite Respect for Animals Scale Short version (CRAS-S) are also reported with high values representing high pro-animal attitude. The alpha refers to the unadjusted CRAS-S means. The GDI value is the ratio of the HDI value for women and men. The closer the ratio is to 1, the smaller the gap between women and men. A higher gender inequality index (GII) is related to a higher inequality.
| Sample | Female (n) | Male (n) | No Answer | Total | Method | Mean Age | SD | Alpha | CRAS-S Mean Unadjusted | SD | d | Var(d) | GDI | GII |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 262 | 76 | 0 | 338 | web based | 24.49 | 4.58 | 0.832 | 3.65 | 0.52 | 0.94 | 0.02 | 0.967 | 0.072 |
| Austria | 322 | 69 | 0 | 391 | web based | 23.41 | 6.36 | 0.822 | 3.73 | 0.52 | 0.78 | 0.02 | 0.971 | 0.071 |
| Switzerland | 74 | 10 | 0 | 84 | web based | 23.17 | 5.31 | 0.857 | 3.61 | 0.54 | 0.53 | 0.12 | 0.987 | 0.039 |
| Catalonia (Spain) | 225 | 164 | 0 | 389 | paper-pencil | 22.61 | 2.14 | 0.840 | 3.70 | 0.56 | 0.35 | 0.01 | 0.979 | 0.080 |
| Australia | 299 | 146 | 0 | 445 | web based | 40.22 | 15.10 | 0.895 | 3.44 | 0.71 | 0.76 | 0.01 | 0.975 | 0.109 |
| Canada | 27 | 22 | 1 | 50 | both | 23.45 | 8.78 | 0.884 | 3.53 | 0.61 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.986 | 0.092 |
| New Zealand | 224 | 116 | 5 | 345 | web based | 19.03 | 2.96 | 0.863 | 3.63 | 0.59 | 0.90 | 0.01 | 0.966 | 0.136 |
| Turkey | 539 | 259 | 10 | 808 | paper-pencil | 19.85 | 2.06 | 0.720 | 3.40 | 0.47 | 0.54 | 0.01 | 0.922 | 0.317 |
| Spain | 50 | 119 | 0 | 169 | paper-pencil | 20.78 | 4.05 | 0.850 | 3.58 | 0.59 | −0.26 | 0.03 | 0.979 | 0.080 |
| Sweden | 556 | 211 | 5 | 772 | web based | 30.99 | 10.00 | 0.800 | 3.56 | 0.53 | 1.02 | 0.01 | 0.992 | 0.044 |
| Slovenia | 194 | 49 | 0 | 243 | paper-pencil | 20.31 | 1.80 | 0.821 | 3.47 | 0.49 | 1.21 | 0.03 | 1.003 | 0.054 |
| Slovakia | 295 | 47 | 0 | 342 | web based | 20.46 | 4.21 | 0.796 | 3.28 | 0.53 | 0.41 | 0.02 | 0.991 | 0.180 |
| Romania | 116 | 82 | 3 | 201 | paper-pencil | 21.17 | 1.83 | 0.759 | 3.40 | 0.45 | 0.70 | 0.02 | 0.985 | 0.311 |
| Colombia | 260 | 60 | 1 | 321 | paper-pencil | 21.61 | 3.48 | 0.780 | 3.87 | 0.47 | 0.44 | 0.02 | 0.997 | 0.383 |
| Poland | 200 | 37 | 0 | 237 | web based | 26.46 | 6.94 | 0.895 | 3.50 | 0.67 | 0.27 | 0.03 | 1.006 | 0.132 |
| Mozambique | 75 | 125 | 0 | 200 | paper-pencil | 26.59 | 7.19 | 0.598 | 3.31 | 0.42 | −0.19 | 0.02 | 0.904 | 0.552 |
| Italy | 279 | 85 | 2 | 366 | paper-pencil | 20.76 | 2.41 | 0.867 | 3.58 | 0.58 | 0.53 | 0.02 | 0.967 | 0.087 |
| Mexico | 177 | 123 | 0 | 300 | paper-pencil | 19.82 | 1.84 | 0.820 | 3.73 | 0.50 | 0.58 | 0.01 | 0.954 | 0.343 |
| India (Hindi) | 238 | 137 | 0 | 375 | paper-pencil | 22.50 | 2.57 | 0.575 | 3.68 | 0.43 | 0.29 | 0.01 | 0.841 | 0.524 |
| Finland | 253 | 247 | 0 | 500 | web based | 25.72 | 7.25 | 0.919 | 3.32 | 0.78 | 0.81 | 0.01 | 1.000 | 0.058 |
| Belgium/Flandern | 88 | 88 | 18 | 194 | paper-pencil | 21.07 | 8.29 | 0.892 | 3.35 | 0.66 | −1.03 | 0.03 | 0.971 | 0.048 |
| India (English) | 143 | 117 | 0 | 260 | paper-pencil | 22.09 | 1.20 | 0.596 | 3.38 | 0.47 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 0.841 | 0.524 |
| Iran | 170 | 156 | 0 | 326 | paper-pencil | 21.66 | 3.47 | 0.770 | 3.02 | 0.51 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.871 | 0.461 |
| Greece | 89 | 166 | 3 | 258 | paper-pencil | 20.96 | 4.99 | 0.745 | 3.58 | 0.51 | −0.69 | 0.02 | 0.964 | 0.120 |
| Total sample | 5155 | 2711 | 48 | 7914 | 23.91 | 8.10 | 0.817 | 3.51 | 0.59 |
Values in bold are refed to the total sample.