Table 4.

Direct and indirect effects on children’s aggressive behaviors

		Children’s Aggression
	B	SE B	β
Direct effects
UI (5–9)	0.25	0.28	0.03
Other child	0.37	1.72	0.01
M race	−0.48	0.67	−0.09
F race	−0.07	0.54	−0.01
M educ	0.03	0.38	0.01
F educ	−0.14	0.42	−0.03
M age	−0.02	0.11	−0.03
F age	0.00	0.10	0.00
M poverty	0.62	0.97	0.04
C boy	−0.73	0.75	−0.07
C age	0.09	0.09	0.05
C aggression (3)	6.17	1.17	0.37**
C temperament	0.24	0.33	0.04
Co-parenting	−1.31	0.42	−0.15**
M involve	0.22	0.32	0.05
F involve	0.43	0.45	0.09
M responsivity	−0.62	0.25	−0.23*
M marital	1.21	0.63	0.11*
R2 Model 2			0.28

^*p < .05

^**p < .01

Note. Child age in years indicated in (). M = mother. F = father. C = child. Involve = involvement. Educ = education. HH = household. UI = union instability. Marital = marital status Temp = temperament