Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the studied cohorts at hospital admission
| Characteristic | Overall study population N=2069 |
Diabetes N=448 |
No diabetes N=1621 |
P value |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 67.8 (15.7) | 71.7 (11.9) | 66.6 (16.3) | <0.001 |
| Age, median (P25, P75), years | 69.0 (57.0, 80.0) | 72.0 (64.0, 80.0) | 67.0 (55.0, 79.0) | <0.001 |
| Sex (male), n (%) | 1205 (60.3) | 304 (67.9) | 950 (58.6) | <0.001 |
| Glucose, mean, (SD) | <0.001 | |||
| mg/dL | 124 (47.7) | 168 (74.4) | 112 (24.8) | |
| mmol/L | 6.8 (2.6) | 9.3 (4.1) | 6.2 (1.4) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 651 (31.5) | 224 (50.0) | 427 (26.3) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 409 (19.8) | 154 (34.4) | 255 (15.7) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 117 (5.65) | 45 (10.0) | 72 (4.44) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 77 (3.72) | 28 (6.25) | 49 (3.02) | 0.002 |
| Heart failure | 51 (2.46) | 18 (4.02) | 33 (2.04) | 0.026 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 27 (1.30) | 10 (2.23) | 17 (1.05) | 0.086 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 47 (2.27) | 18 (4.02) | 29 (1.79) | 0.009 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 76 (3.67) | 30 (6.70) | 46 (2.84) | <0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 112 (5.41) | 34 (7.59) | 78 (4.81) | 0.029 |
| Asthma | 2 (0.10) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (0.12) | 1.000 |
| Mental disorders | 114 (5.51) | 35 (7.81) | 79 (4.87) | 0.022 |
| Cancer | 117 (5.65) | 36 (8.04) | 81 (5.00) | 0.019 |
| Pharmacological therapy, n (%) | ||||
| Biguanides | 66 (3.19) | 66 (14.7) | 0 (0.00) | <0.001 |
| Sulfonylureas | 1 (0.05) | 1 (0.22) | 0 (0.00) | 0.217 |
| Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors | 11 (0.53) | 11 (2.46) | 0 (0.00) | <0.001 |
| Fast-acting insulins | 95 (4.5) | 66 (14.7) | 29 (1.79) | <0.001 |
| Intermediate-acting insulins | 9 (0.43) | 7 (1.56) | 2 (0.12) | 0.001 |
| Long-acting insulins | 23 (1.11) | 20 (4.46) | 3 (0.19) | <0.001 |
| Antibiotics | 1882 (91.0) | 421 (94.0) | 1461 (90.1) | 0.016 |
| Antithrombotics | 1752 (84.7) | 396 (88.4) | 1356 (83.7) | 0.017 |
| Renin-angiotensin system agents | 523 (25.3) | 153 (34.2) | 370 (22.8) | <0.001 |
| Beta blocking agents | 316 (15.3) | 104 (23.2) | 212 (13.1) | <0.001 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 384 (18.6) | 118 (26.3) | 266 (16.4) | <0.001 |
| Diuretics | 508 (24.6) | 185 (41.3) | 323 (19.9) | <0.001 |
| Statins | 256 (12.4) | 88 (19.6) | 168 (10.4) | <0.001 |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 977 (47.2) | 267 (59.6) | 710 (43.8) | <0.001 |
| Tocilizumab | 421 (20.3) | 137 (30.6) | 284 (17.5) | <0.001 |
P25, P75=25th and 75th percentile, respectively.