Table 3.

Current LAMP assays developed for equine viral diseases.

Disease	Type	Vector-Borne	Target Gene	Sample	Detection Limit	In-Field	Ref
African horse sickness	dsRNA	Yes—Midges, Mosquito	Vp7	Horse—Blood	n/a	Yes	[163]
Equine herpesvirus 1	dsDNA	No	Glycoprotein C	Horse—Nasal swab 1	1 pfu/rxn	No 1	[164]
			Glycoprotein E	Horse—Nasal swab 1	1 pfu/rxn
Equine herpesvirus 4	dsDNA	No	Glycoprotein C	Horse—Nasal swab 1	1 pfu/rxn	No 1	[164]
Equine infectious anaemia	ssRNA	Yes—Horse and deer flies	Gag nsP	Recombinant plasmid	0.1 pfu/rxn	No	[165]
Equine influenza (H3N8)	ssRNA	No	HA	Horse—Nasal swab	10−5 copies/rxn	Yes	[166]
Equine influenza (H7N7)	ssRNA	No	HA	Horse—Nasal swab	10−4 copies/rxn	Yes	[167]
Equine coronavirus	ssRNA	No	Nucleocapsid	Horse—Nasal swab, fecal samples	101.8 copies/rxn	Yes	[168]
Hendra virus	ssRNA	No	P	Horse—Nasal swab 1	10−5 copies/rxn	No 1	[26]
St Louis encephalitis	ssRNA	Yes—mosquito	UTR	Mosquito	<0.1 pfu/rxn	Yes	[159]
Western equine encephalitis	ssRNA	Yes—mosquito	nsP4	Mosquito	100 pfu/ml	Yes	[159]
West Nile virus	ssRNA	Yes—mosquito	E	Mosquito	0.1 pfu/ml	Yes 2	[149]

¹ Experimentally infected animals, ² secondary experiment.