Table 2.

Respiration, citrate synthase activity, and ATP levels of SH-SY5Y cells after incubation with HstP and HstN. For respiration, cells are incubated for 24 h with 10 µM HstP and HstN or EtOH and PC as control, N = 10 for HstP and N = 12 for HstN. Respective mean values are shown. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 and **** p < 0.0001 compared to control. Significance was determined with Student’s unpaired t-test. Respiration of SH-SY5Y-MOCK and -APP₆₉₅ cells was adjusted to international units (IU) of citrate synthase activity. ATP levels are given in % of control and were measured after 24 h of incubation with 0.01–10 µM HstP. Cells treated with DMEM served as a control. HstP, hesperetin in pure form; HstN, hesperetin nanocrystals.

Experiment		SH-SY5Y-MOCK		SH-SY5Y-APP695		SH-SY5Y-MOCK		SH-SY5Y-APP695
		HstP 10 µM	Control	HstP 10 µM	Control	HstN 10 µM	Control	HstN 10 µM	Control
Oxygraph O2 consumption (pmol/(s-UI))	Endogenous	318 ± 45	311 ± 77	301 ± 47	322 ± 42	180 ± 26	187 ± 40	254 ± 62	273 ± 45
	Permeabilized	18 ± 11	23 ± 20	32 ± 14	37 ± 12	40 ± 15 *	24 ± 13	65 ± 30	69 ± 30
	Leak I (G+M)	102 ± 32	116 ± 22	155 ± 25	174 ± 32	151 ± 27	153 ± 51	179 ± 48	159 ± 51
	Complex I	686 ± 96	643 ± 140	546 ± 140	547 ± 155	452 ± 45 *	389 ± 53	454 ± 73 **	370 ± 74
	OXPHOS	1185 ± 163	1091 ± 358	758 ± 286	865 ± 346	669 ± 57	619 ± 94	710 ± 140 *	588 ± 149
	ETC	1395 ± 219	1275 ± 449	874 ± 274	1064 ± 240	854 ± 148	787 ± 181	753 ± 134 *	672 ± 182
	Complex II	958 ± 112	883 ± 138	600 ± 220	739 ± 179	549 ± 100	468 ± 94	522 ± 110 ****	324 ± 107
	Leak II (Omy)	910 ± 171	850 ± 297	608 ± 242	608 ± 261	477 ± 101	410 ± 93	311 ± 110 *	219 ± 78
	Complex IV	1519 ± 190	1446 ± 232	411 ± 248	415 ± 223	898 ± 258	824 ± 173	761 ± 172 *	619 ± 186
Citrate synthase activity (IU/106 cells)		0.01378 ± 0.02	0.0138787 ± 0.004	0.01699 ± 0.001	0.0191789 ± 0.002	0.0231924 ± 0.005	0.0223699 ± 0.004	0.018955 ± 0.003	0.0178201 ± 0.003
ATP levels (% of control)	0.01 µM	105 ± 11		104 ± 3		114 ± 5 ***		100 ± 5
	0.1 µM	108 ± 6		108 ± 3		114 ± 7 **		106 ± 3 *
	1 µM	109 ± 7 *		109 ± 2 *		113 ± 6 **		107 ± 6 **
	10 µM	100 ± 10		107 ± 6		118 ± 3 ****		113 ± 4 ***