Table 4.
Observer pig behavioral responses during and after the demonstrator pig gentle handling sessions during week 1 and week 2, according to their treatment.
| Behavior | Week | Treatments | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDG | SDG | |||
| (n = 20) | (n = 20) | |||
| During GH sessions | ||||
| Looking at the DSI (%) | Week 1 | 43.98 ± 3.26 p | 35.65 ± 3.14 q | 0.077 1 |
| Week 2 | 43.09 ± 2.22 a | 20.52 ± 2.14 b | <0.001 1 | |
| Frequency of looking at the DSI | Week 1 | 9.35 ± 0.54 | 9.05 ± 0.52 | 0.678 2 |
| Week 2 | 8.44 ± 0.57 a | 6.48 ± 0.55 b | 0.019 2 | |
| Time of contact with the panel (%) | Week 1 | 35.97 ± 3.03 p | 27.81 ± 2.92 q | 0.071 1 |
| Week 2 | 32.67 ± 2.24 a | 17.99 ± 2.16 b | <0.001 1 | |
| Frequency of contact with the panel | Week 1 | 12.61 ± 0.84 | 11.78 ± 0.81 | 0.484 2 |
| Week 2 | 9.97 ± 0.74 a | 7.70 ± 0.71 b | 0.035 2 | |
| Frequency of climbing on the panel | Week 1 | 0.45 ± 0.14 | 0.32 ± 0.14 | 0.473 3 |
| Week 2 | 0.44 ± 0.10 | 0.44 ± 0.10 | 0.961 3 | |
| After GH sessions | ||||
| Time of snout–snout contact (%) | Week 1 | 1.30 ± 0.24 | 0.84 ± 0.23 | 0.170 1 |
| Week 2 | 0.99 ± 0.27 | 0.88 ± 0.26 | 0.759 1 | |
| Frequency of snout–snout contact | Week 1 | 1.02 ± 0.05 | 0.95 ± 0.05 | 0.319 3 |
| Week 2 | 0.47 ± 0.10 | 0.49 ± 0.10 | 0.874 3 |
Values within a row with different letters significantly differ (a,b: p < 0.05) or tended to differ (p,q: 0.05 < p < 0.1). DSI = demonstrator–stockperson interaction; DDG = dominant demonstrator group; SDG = subordinate demonstrator group. 1 mixed ANOVA based on angular transformation (df = 1); 2 mixed ANOVA model (df = 1); 3 mixed ANOVA model based on square root transformation (df = 1). Data analyzed with mixed ANOVA models are expressed as estimated marginal means and standard error means (E.M.M. ± S.E.M.) of non-transformed data.