Table 2.
Incidence rate by type of adverse events and type of antimicrobial stewardship program.
| Total a | ASP with Pharmacist | ASP without Pharmacist | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | ||||
| Number of patients investigated | 4995 | 2000 | 2995 | |
| Patient prescribed antibiotics-days (patient-days) | 68,803 | 20,363 | 48,440 | |
| Onset time, days from index date, median (IQR) | 4 (2–7) | 3 (2–6) | 4 (2–7) | |
| Incidence proportion | 12.37 | 8.85 | 14.72 | <0.001 |
| Incidence rate per 1000 treatment days | 17.37 | 15.08 | 18.33 | 0.003 |
| Diarrhea | ||||
| Number of patients investigated | 4995 | 2000 | 2995 | |
| Patient prescribed antibiotics-days (patient-days) | 68,803 | 20,363 | 48,440 | |
| Onset time (diarrhea), days from index date, median (IQR) | 4 (2–8) | 4 (1–13.5) | 4 (3–8) | |
| Onset time (CDI), days from index date, median (IQR) | 10 (4–23) | 6 (4–15) | 12.5 (6–39.5) | |
| Incidence proportion (diarrhea) | 4.68 | 2.85 | 5.91 | <0.001 |
| Incidence proportion (CDI) | 2.26 | 2.05 | 2.40 | 0.410 |
| Incidence rate per 1000 treatment days (diarrhea) | 6.60 | 5.25 | 7.16 | 0.005 |
| Incidence rate per 1000 treatment days (CDI) | 3.53 | 4.22 | 3.24 | 0.047 |
| Nephrotoxicity | ||||
| Number of patients investigated | 4872 | 1966 | 2906 | |
| Patient prescribed antibiotics-days (patient-days) | 66,717 | 20,001 | 46,716 | |
| Onset time, days from index date, median (IQR) | 4 (2–6) | 3 (2–6) | 4 (2–6.5) | |
| Incidence proportion | 2.81 | 2.29 | 3.17 | 0.069 |
| Incidence rate per 1000 treatment days | 3.25 | 2.95 | 3.38 | 0.369 |
| Hepatotoxicity | ||||
| Number of patients investigated | 4905 | 1983 | 2922 | |
| Patient prescribed antibiotics-days (patient-days) | 66,937 | 20,382 | 46,555 | |
| Onset time, days from index date, median (IQR) | 5 (3–11) | 4 (2–11.5) | 5 (3–11) | |
| Incidence proportion | 2.75 | 1.41 | 3.66 | <0.001 |
| Incidence rate per 1000 treatment days | 3.02 | 1.91 | 3.50 | 0.001 |
| Thrombocytopenia | ||||
| Number of patients | 4270 | 1949 | 2321 | |
| Patient prescribed antibiotics-days (patient-days) | 42,978 | 19,099 | 23,879 | |
| Onset time, days from index date, median (IQR) | 3 (2–6) | 4 (2–6) | 3 (2–5) | |
| Incidence proportion | 2.95 | 1.95 | 3.79 | <0.001 |
| Incidence rate per 1000 treatment days | 3.63 | 2.15 | 4.82 | <0.001 |
| Neutropenia | ||||
| Number of patients | 4321 | 1924 | 2397 | |
| Patient prescribed antibiotics-days (patient-days) | 45,633 | 18,870 | 26,763 | |
| Onset time, days from index date, median (IQR) | 4 (3–6) | 4 (2–6) | 5 (3–9) | |
| Incidence proportion | 1.60 | 1.35 | 1.79 | 0.249 |
| Incidence rate per 1000 treatment days | 2.15 | 1.64 | 2.50 | 0.051 |
| Allergic Reaction | ||||
| Number of patients investigated | 4995 | 2000 | 2995 | |
| Patient prescribed antibiotics-days (patient-days) | 68,803 | 20,363 | 48,440 | |
| Onset time, days from index date, median (IQR) | 1 (0–3.5) | 1 (0–9) | 1 (0–3) | |
| Incidence proportion | 1.04 | 0.95 | 1.10 | 0.604 |
| Incidence rate per 1000 treatment days | 0.99 | 1.47 | 0.78 | 0.009 |
ASP, antimicrobial stewardship program; CDI, Clostridioides difficile infection. a The number of patients investigated was different for each ADE category because of exclusion criteria of each ADE category.