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. 2021 Jun 29;10(7):1046. doi: 10.3390/antiox10071046

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Effect of HD on neuroinflammation and on the release of proinflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord after repeated CYP injections. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a significant increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells (B,D) and Iba-1-positive cells (F,H), compared to Sham mice (A,D for GFAP and E,H for Iba-1). Mice treated with HD revealed a decrease in the expression of GFAP (C,D) and Iba-1 (G,H). Data are expressed as the number of GFAP- and Iba-1-positive pixels and are the means ± SEM of five animals for each group. Western blot analysis showed that IL-1β expression was significantly increased in the CYP group, while treatment with HD decreased the expression of IL-1β (I,I’). TNF-α expression was significantly increased in the CYP group, while treatment with HD decreased the expression of TNF-α (J,J’). Protein lysates were also incubated with a β-actin antibody (K) in order to verify that all samples had been loaded in equal quantities. Values are means ± SD of five animals for each group; *** p < 0.001 vs. Sham; ### p < 0.001 vs. CYP.