Table 3.

Illustrates PBMT protocols for chronic TMD symptoms of deep-seated tissue injurie derived from the literature and evidence-based clinical practice (studies utilised power meter) and expert opinion. These protocols are intended only to provide clinical guidance and to serve as a starting point for extensive research. ** All the abbreviations in this table are listed in Supplementary File S2.

Delivery Route of PBM Irradiation **	Affected Regions **	Treatment Area and No. of TP (Optimal Target Tissue), Depending on Palpable Areas, Including Cervical Muscles ** (Figure 13)	PBM Device Characteristics, Application and Treatment Protocol **	Frequency and Treatment Duration Protocol **
Extraoral (EO)	TMJ	External acoustic meatus: 1 Periauricular: 1	Laser λ: 790–830 nm [65,73] Therapeutic power output (at the target): 100–500 mW; emission mode: CW; irradiated area: 0.5–1 cm2 Contact on skin surface Exposure time: 30–60 s A firm pressure on skin surface applied to increase light penetration depth Laser and LEDs: [75] Red (630 ± 10 nm) (9 J/point, 18 J/cm2, 150 mW, 300 mW/cm2/point, 0.5 cm2), IR (850 ± 10 nm) LEDs, (9 J/point, 18 J/cm2, 150 mW, 300 mW/cm2/point, 0.5 cm2) IR laser (780 nm); positive control (4.2 J/point, 70 mW, 0.04 cm2, 1.7 W/cm2/point, 105 J/cm2), Fluence: 18 and 105 J/cm2	2–3 times a week At least 4 consecutive weeks (total of 8–10 sessions), depending on status of presented symptoms (acute or chronic)
	TMJ-associated regions	Superior, anterior, lateral, posterior, postero-inferior to the condyle: 5
	Masticatory muscles	Temporalis: 3 Masseter muscle: 5 LPM: 2, MPM: 2
	Cervical muscles	Trapezius: 4 Sternocleidomastoid muscle: 5 Anterior belly of digastric muscle: 2 Posterior belly of digastric muscle: 3
Intraoral (IO)	Masticatory muscles	Superficial head of the MPM: 1 LPM: 1 Insertion of temporalis muscle: 2	Laser (905 nm) and LEDs (4 clusters of 640 nm (Red) + 4 clusters of 875 nm (IR)) [95] 905 nm diode laser: 0.9 mW (MOPO), 1000 Hz, 0.4 cm2, 300 s, super-pulsed 640 nm LED: 15 mW (MOPO), 2 Hz, 0.9 cm2, 300 s, pulsed 875 nm LED: 17.5 mW (MOPO), 16 Hz, 0.9 cm2, 300 s, pulsed Adapter with aperture of 0.394 cm2 Dose: 99.67 J/cm2/point
Combined IO and EO	Superficial head of the MPM: 1 (IO) LPM:1 (IO) Insertion of temporalis muscle: 2 (IO) Masseter muscle: 5 (EO)		Laser: combined λ 660 + λ 890 nm [67] 660 nm (CW, 6–10 J/point, 17.3 mW, 360 s exposure time), 890 nm (pulsed, 1500 Hz, 9.8 W, 1 J/cm2, 600 s), mild tissue pressure applied, irradiated area 0.6 cm, dose: 6–10 J/cm2 (deep-seated tissue) and 1–4 J/cm2 (superficial-seated tissue)