Table 2.

Parameters of the nanoparticles reported in the literature.

№	Synthesis Method	Composition	Size, nm	Shape	Concentration	Medium, Conditions	Microorganism	Biological Effect	Ref
1	Coprecipitation method	Fe2O3	25–40	Sph	10–50 µg/mL	NA, 48 h, 37 °C	E. coli, S. aureus, S. dysentery	BS	[33]
2	Chemical precipitation using Psidium Guajava leaf extract as a reducing agent followed by heat treatment	Fe2O3	34	Sph	20–100 µg/mL	MHA, 24 h, 37 °C	E. coli, S. aureus	BS	[68]
3	Chemical precipitation using Punica granatum peel extract as a reducing agent followed by heat treatment	-	-	-	31 µg/mL	MHA, 24 h, 37 °C	P. aeruginosa	BS	[70]
4	Wet chemical method	Fe3O4	33–40	Sph	25–100 µg/mL	NA, 24 h, 37 °C	E. coli, P. vulgaris, S. aureus, Xanthomonas sp.	BS	[83]
5	Modified coprecipitation method	Fe3O4	10.64 ± 4.73	Sph	50–500 µg/mL	NA, 24 h, 3 °C	E. coli, E. hirae	BS	[66]
6	Coprecipitation	α-Fe2O3/Co3O4 composite	25	Rod/ hexag	400–800 µg/mL	MHA, 24 h, 37 °C	B. subtilis, E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhimurium.	BC	[76]
7	Chemical precipitation using Cynometra ramiflora extract as a reducing agent	Fe2O3/Fe3O4	-	Sph	70 µL of IONPs suspension/disk	NA, 24 h, 37 °C	E.coli, S. epidermidis	BS	[88]
8	Coprecipitation method	α-Fe2O3, ZnO/α-Fe2O3	~30	Sph/oval	400–800 µg	MHA, 24 h, 37 °C	B. subtilis, E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhimurium	BS	[76]
9	Coprecipitation method	Fe3O4	6–9	Sph	32–128 μg/mL	LB broth, 37 °C	E. coli, L. monocytogenes, P. aeruginosa, S. marcescens	BS	[71]
10	Chemical precipitation using Sida cordifolia as a reducing agent and stabilizer	Fe2O3	16	Sph	50 μg/mL	MHA, 24 h, 37 °C	B. subtilis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus	BS	[119]
11	Coprecipitation method	IONPs with amoxicillin	-	-	0.05–10 mM	TSB, 24 h, 37 °C	P. aeruginosa, S. aureus	Stimulation of bacterial growth in the presence of humic acid	[86]
12	Ready commercial product (Sigma-Aldrich)	Fe2O3	<5	-	0.05–10 mM	LB, 37 °C	E. coli	BC	[99]
13	Coprecipitation using the aqueous extract of corn (Zea mays L.) ear leaves	Fe3O4	37.86	Sph	25–50 μg/disc	NB, 37 °C at 24 h, for bacteria, PDA, 28 °C at 48 h for fungi	B. cereus, C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. geochares, C. saitoana, E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, S. typhimurium,	BS	[87]
14	Coprecipitation method in alkaline media with leaf extract of A. mexicana	Fe3O4	10–30	Sph	12.5–50 mg/disc	MHB, 24 h, 37 °C	B. subtilis, E. coli, P. mirabilis,	BS	[73]
15	Laser ablation in dimethylformamide (DMF) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions	α-Fe2O3	50–110	Sph	4.25 mg/mL	NA, 24 h, 37 °C	E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. marcescens	BS	[91]
16	Coprecipitation using Couroupita guianensis aqueous fruit extract	Fe3O4	~17	Sph	25–75 μg/mL	NA, 24 h, 37 °C	E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. typhimurium	BS	[81]
17	Coprecipitation	Fe3O4 coated by SiO2	~20	Sph	-	NA, 24 h, 37 °C	E. coli, S. aureus,	BS	[130]
18	Chemical precipitation using Tridax procumbens leaf extract as a reducing agent	Fe3O4	-	Sph	10–40 μL	PDA	P. aeruginosa	BS	[120]
19	Coprecipitation	Fe3O4	8	Sph	50–200 μg/mL	LB, 37 °C, 14 h	E. coli	BS	[75]
20	Ultra-large-scale synthesis	Fe3O4 or Fe3O4 coated by alginate	~16, for coated with alginate ~230	Sph	2.5–10 μg	LB, 37 °C, 16–18 h	P. aeruginosa	BS	[95]
21	Chemical precipitation using Ruellia tuberosa leaf aqueous extract as a reducing agent	FeO	52.78	Rod	25–75 μg/mL	MHA, 24 h, 37 °C,	E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus	BS	[74]
22	Coprecipitation	PEG-Fe3O4	26 ± 1.26	Sph	0.1–100 μg/mL	-	E. coli, M. luteus, S. aureus,	BS	[67]
23	Coprecipitation using Malva sylvestris as a reducing agent	Fe3O4	30–50	Sph	62.5 mg/mL	BHI, 24 h, 37 °C,	Corynebacterium sp., K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus,	BS, BC	[82]
24	One-pot hydrothermal method	Fe3O4	~160	Sph	300–1000 μg/mL	LB, 37 °C, 14 h	E. coli, S. aureus	BS	[69]
25	Chemical precipitation using orange peel extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent	Fe2O3	~50	-	0.5 mg/mL	NA, 36 °C, 24 h	B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus	BS	[121]
26	Chemical precipitation using Urtica leaf extract as a reducing agent	α-Fe2O3, α-Fe2O3-Ag	100–200	Different	35 µg/mL 5–35 μg/disc	MHA, 24 h, 37 °C,	Bacillus sp., E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus	BS	[36]
27	Coprecipitation	Fe3O4	10.64 ± 4.73	Sph	50–250 μg/mL	Peptone medium, 24 h, 37 °C,	E. coli DH5α-pUC18 ampicillin-resistant; E. coli pARG-25 kanamycin-resistant	BS	[66]
28	Coprecipitation	Fe3O4	10–120	Sph	50 mg/mL	NA, 24 h, 37 °C,	B. brevis, B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. flexneri, V. cholera	BS	[9]
29	Coprecipitation	Fe3O4, Co/Fe2O4, Mn/Fe2O4	14–68	Cubic spinel	25–2000 μg/mL	NB, NA, 24 h, 37 °C,	B. subtilis, E. coli	BS	[102]
30	Solvothermal method	IONPs modified with oleic acid	75–1110	Sph	25–125 μg/mL	LB broth, 48 h, 37 °C,	P. aeruginosa, S. aureus	BS	[85]
31	Laser ablation in dimethylformamide (DMF) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions	α-Fe2O3	50–110	Sph	-	NA, 24 h, 37 °C,	E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. marcescens	BS	[91]
32	Sol–gel combustion	Fe2O3	35.16 ± 1.47	Sph	65 ± 1.5 μg/mL	MHB, 24 h, 35 ± 2 °C,	B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus	Low BC	[13]
33	Matrix-mediated method using PVA (polyvinyl acetate)	Fe3O4/Fe2O3	9 ± 4	Sph	30–3000 μg/mL,	TSB, 24 h, 37 °C,	S. aureus	BS, BC	[32]
34	Laser ablation in the water	IONPs/carbon nanotubes	6–7	Sph IO on the carbon nanotubes	400–800 μg/mL	NB, 24 h, 37 °C,	E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus	BS	[77]
35	Coprecipitation	Fe3O4 conjugated with TEPSA or TPED	14.6 ± 1.4, 20.4 ± 1.3 or 21.2 ± 1.6	Sph	1–3 μg/mL	TYE, 24 h, 37 °C, in the dark	Streptococcus mutans	BC	[89]
36	Coprecipitation	Fe3O4 coated by citric acid	~30	Sph	100 μg/mL	NA, 24 h, 37 °C,	E. coli, S. typhimurium	BS	[131]
37	Coprecipitation method	Fe3O4, Fe2O3 coated by chitosan	10–20	Sph	2.5–50 μM	NB, 37 °C	B. subtilis, E. coli	BC	[78]
38	Coprecipitation	Fe3O4 coated by chitosan	~11	Sph	30–40 μg/mL	TSA for bacteria, YEPD for C. albicans, CYA for A. niger, Potato sucrose agar for F. solani. 48 h at 30 °C	A. niger, B. subtilis, C. albicans, E. coli, F. solani	BS	[90]
39	Coprecipitation method	Fe2O3, FeO, coated by gentamicin	10–15	Sph	200 µg/mL	LB broth, 24 h, 37 °C	B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus	BC	[79]
40	Coprecipitation	Fe3O4	20–25	-	5–80 μg/mL	NB, 24 h, 37 °C	B. cereus, K. pneumoniae,	BS, BC	[132]
41	Coprecipitation using Glycosmis mauritiana water extract as a reducing agent	Fe3O4	<100	Sph	10–30 µg/µL	MHA, 24 h, 37 °C,	E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus	BS	[80]

BHI—Brain heart infusion, BS—bacteriostatic effect, BC—bactericidal effect, Hexag—hexagonal, IONPs—iron oxide nanoparticles, LB—lysogeny broth, MHA—Mueller–Hinton Agar, NA—Nutrient Agar, NB—Nutrient broth, PDA—Potato dextrose agar, Rod—rod-shaped, Sph—spherical, TEPSA—3-(triethoxysilyl) propylsuccinic anhydride, TPED—N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] ethylenediamine, TSB—Tryptic soy broth, YEA—Czapek yeast extract agar, and YEPD—yeast extract peptone dextrose.