Figure 6.

Maternal PM_2.5 exposure changed mitochondrial density and ROS level in the female offspring at 13 weeks. Representative images of (A) mitochondria (green), (B) mitochondrial specific ROS (orange) and (C) total ROS staining (red), and (D–F) quantitative results. Protein levels of (G) Opa-1, (H) Drp-1 and (I) Parkin. Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD post hoc tests. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, n = 5 in mitochondrial fluorescence staining, n = 8 in Western blot. Drp-1, dynamin-related protein; Opa-1, optic atrophy-1; PM_2.5: dams exposed to PM_2.5 (5 µg/day) prior to mating for 6 weeks during gestation and lactation. Pre-exposure: dams exposed to PM_2.5 for 6 weeks prior to mating.