Maternal PM2.5 exposure increased AHR in OVA sensitised animals. (A) Lung function of tissue elastance, (B) tissue damping and (C) resistance, and (D) eosinophil number in the BALF in response to OVA in the female offspring at 13 weeks. Data were analysed by two-way ANOVA (mixed-model) followed by Fisher’s LSD post hoc tests. Lung function was analysed by the two-stage linear step-up procedure of Benjamini, Krieger, and Yekutieli, followed by controlling the False Discovery Rate. n = 8. In (A, B) ** p < 0.01, PM2.5 vs. SHAM. ## p < 0.01, Pre-exposure vs. SHAM. In (D), ** p < 0.01. PM2.5: mice exposed to PM2.5 (5 µg/day) prior to mating for 6 weeks during gestation and lactation. Pre-exposure: PM2.5 exposure 6 weeks prior to mating. SHAM (OVA): offspring from SHAM dams challenged with OVA. PM2.5 (OVA): offspring from PM2.5 dams challenged with OVA. Pre-exposure (OVA): offspring from Pre-exposure dams challenged with OVA.