Table 1.

Schematic summary of molecular mechanism involved in the cardiovascular-renal remodeling. To the molecular mechanisms taking part to the cardiovascular-renal remodeling listed in the table, correspond the principal effectors involved and the relative compartment where the mechanisms take place. ANG II—angiotensin II; PAI 1—plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; YAP—yes associated protein; RhoA/ROCK—Rho kinase; MAPK—mitogen activated protein kinase; oxLDL—oxidized low density lipoprotein.

Molecular Mechanism	Principal Effectors	Compartment
ROS production	NAD(P)H oxidase [11], Xanthine oxidase	cardiomyocytes endothelial cells VSMCs
Interstitial fibrosis	Ang II PAI 1	glomeruli tubular cells
EMT	YAP Ang II	glomeruli tubular cells
Atrial fibrillation	Connexins RhoA/ROCK MAPK	cardiomyocytes
Endothelial dysfunction	uncoupled nitric oxide synthase NAD(P)H oxidase ROCK 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) C-reactive protein oxLDL PAI1	endothelial cells arteries arterioles