Table 2.

Examples of the most used methods to produce nanomedicine

	Lipid-based nanomedicines	Inorganic/metal-based nanomedicines	Polymeric-based nanomedicines
Methods of production	High-pressure homogenization (hot and cold) Membrane contractor method Microemulsion Solvent diffusion Solvent evaporation Ultrasound High-shear homogenization	Chemical methods (metal complex reduction) Physical methods (laser pulses, supercritical fluid, chemical vapor deposition, microwave radiation)	Extrusion Ionic gelation Nanoprecipitation Salting out Supercritical fluid Bioconjugation Tangential flow filtration
Critical factors	Hydrophilicity of drug Polydispersity index Particle size Lab-scale vs. Industrial-scale Temperature Organic solvent Structural organization	Hydrophilicity of drug Polydispersity index Particle size Type of solvent Organic solvent Surface-to-volume ratio	Polydispersity index Particle size Non-volatile impurities as bioconjugation subproducts Structural organization Bioresponsiveness