Table 1.

List of drug delivery strategies for carnosine.

	Delivery System	References
Carnosine derivatives	▪Derivatized with β-cyclodextrins	[134]
	▪Derivatized with threalose	[135]
	▪Derivatized with biotin	[136]
Nanoparticulate systems	▪Magnetic nanoparticles coated with L-carnosine	[137,138,139]
	▪Fe3O4 nanoparticles/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymer loaded dexamethasone functionalized with carnosine	[140]
Vesicular systems	▪Nanoliposomes	[141]
	▪Niosomes	[142,143]
	▪Polymerosomes	[144]