Figure 2.

SP treatment restores the cellular activity of cardiac microendothelial cells with inhibition of the imbalance of free radicals. (A) Experimental scheme for glucose and SP treatment. (B) Cell viability of CMECs was evaluated via WST-1 assay. (C,D) Free radical generation was evaluated. (C) ROS and (D) NO production was represented relative to that in normal condition. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001). The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. SP, substance-P; HG, high glucose; CMECs, cardiac microvascular endothelial cells; ROS, reactive oxygen species; NO, nitric oxide; con, control.