Figure 5.

Hyperglycemia impairs the vascular structure-forming ability, which is restored via SP treatment. (A) Experimental scheme for glucose and SP treatment. (B) A representative image of CMECs cultivated on Matrigel. CMECs were subjected to Matrigel assays and the tube-forming ability was evaluated for 5 h. (C–F) Tube structures formed by CMECs were represented by total junction, mesh, segment, and length. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001). The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. HG, high glucose; SP, substance-P; Con, control; CMECs, cardiac microvascular endothelial cells.