Table 1.

Tyrosinase inhibitory effects of arbutin and α-arbutin.

Literature	Compounds	Tyrosinase Inhibitory Effects		Enzymes and Substrates Used
		Monophenolase Activity	Diphenolase Activity
[73]	Hydroquinone	97.2% inhibition at 3 mM		Mushroom tyrosinase; 0.3 mM L-tyrosine
	Arbutin	82.0% inhibition at 3 mM
	α-arbutin	72.8% inhibition at 3 mM
[85]	α-arbutin		IC50 = 0.48 mM	B16 mouse tyrosinase; 3.3 mM L-DOPA
	Arbutin		IC50 = 4.8 mM
	α-arbutin		No inhibition	Mushroom tyrosinase; 0.83 mM L-DOPA
	Arbutin		IC50 = 8.4 mM
[87]	α-arbutin	IC50 = 8 mM	IC50 = 8.87 mM	Mushroom tyrosinase; 0.25 mM L-tyrosine plus 0.01 mM L-DOPA for monophenolase activity; 0.5 mM L-DOPA for diphenolase activity
	Arbutin	IC50 = 0.9 mM	IC50 = 0.7 mM