| MDPI | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| DOAJ | Directory of open access journals |
| TLA | Three-letter acronym |
| LD | Linear dichroism |
| RT-PCR | Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| FET | Field Effect Transistor |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| SARS-CoV-2 | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 |
| MERS-CoV | Middle East Respiratory Syndrome |
| 2019-nCoV | COVID-19 |
| ACE2 | Angiotensin Converting Enzyme |
| TMPRSS2 | Transmembrane serine protease 2 |
| DDP4 | Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 |
| EUA | Emergency Use Authorization |
| USD | United States Dollar |
| POC | Point-Of-Care |
| N | Nucleocapsid |
| S | Spike |
| Ig | Immunoglobulin |
| IL | Interleukin |
| ssRNA | single-strand Ribonucleic Acid |
| kbp | kilobase pairs |
| ORF | Open reading frame |
| NSP | Non-Structural Protein |
| RdRp | RNA dependent RNA Polymerase |
| NTD | Amino Group Terminal Domain |
| CTD | Carboxyl Group Terminal Domain |
| nM | nanoMolar |
| Abs | Antibodies |
| U/mL | Units per milliliter |
| IFN | Interferon |
| EGF | Epidermal Growth Factor |
| PDGF | Platelet Derived Growth Factor |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial Growth Factor |
| CXCL | Chemokine |
| TNF | Tumor Necrosis Factor |
| ng/mL | nanograms per milliliter |
| pg/mL | picograms per milliliter |
| µg/mL | microgram per milliliter |
| fg/mL | femtogram per milliliter |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| cDNA | Complimentary DNA |
| NP | Nucleocapsid Protein |
| SP | Spike Protein |
| NAAT | Nucleic Acid Amplification Technique |
| LAMP | Loop-mediated isothermal amplification |
| CRISPR | Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats |
| DETECTR | DNA Endonuclease Targeted CRISPR Trans Reporter |
| TIR | Internal Reflection |
| RI | Refractive Index |
| RIU | Refractive Index Units |
| SPR | Surface Plasmon Resonance |
| LSPR | Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance |
| AuNI | Gold Nano Island |
| PPT | Plasmonic Photothermal |
| PQC | Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal |
| MB | Magnetic Beads |
| pfu/mL | plaque forming units |
| AuNPs | Gold Nanoparticles |
| fM | femtoMolar |
| FTO | Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide |
| SPCE | Screen Printed Carbon Electrodes |
| AC | Alternating Current |
| FET | Field Effect Transistor |
| PBASE | 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester |
| LOD | Limit of Detection |
| LFA | Lateral Flow Assay |
| LED | Led Emitting Diode |
| LUS | Lung Ultrasound Score |
| Xray | Energetic High-Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation |
| CT | Computerized Tomography |
| nt | nucleotide |