Table 1.
Comparison between patients with CAC score 0 and those with CAC score ≥1.
| Total (n = 280) | CAC score = 0 (n = 131) | CAC score ≥ 1 (n = 149) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63.2 ± 16.7 | 53.7 ± 13.1 | 72.7 ± 13.2 | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 80.5 ± 16.7 | 84.4 ± 16.3 | 76.6 ± 15.8 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.8 ± 5.2 | 28.9 ± 5.2 | 26.8 ± 4.9 | 0.001 |
| Male gender (n, %) | 161 (57.5) | 76 (58.0) | 76 (60.3) | 0.707 |
| History | ||||
| Heart failure (n, %) | 6 (2.1) | 1 (0.8) | 5 (4.0) | 0.089 |
| Valve disease (n, %) | 6 (2.1) | 1 (0.8) | 5 (4.0) | 0.089 |
| Atrial fibrillation (n, %) | 14 (5.0) | 3 (2.2) | 11 (7.3) | 0.023 |
| CKD (n, %) | 32 (11.4) | 9 (6.9) | 23 (18.3) | 0.006 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease (n, %) | 43 (15.3) | 20 (15.2) | 23 (15.4) | 0.718 |
| Cancer (n, %) | 28 (10) | 7 (5.3) | 21 (16.7) | 0.004 |
| Risk factors | ||||
| Hypertension (n, %) | 128 (45.7) | 40 (30.5) | 78 (61.9) | <0.001 |
| DM (n, %) | 64 (22.8) | 33 (25.2) | 31 (24.6) | 0.913 |
| Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 89 (31.8) | 39 (29.8) | 50 (39.7) | 0.095 |
| Smoking (n, %) | 30 (10.7) | 13 (9.9) | 17 (13.5) | 0.373 |
| Laboratory values | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.5 ± 1.8 | 13.7 ± 1.7 | 13.4 ± 2.0 | 0.205 |
| Platelets (103/mm3) | 218.4 ± 86.8 | 218.3 ± 84.1 | 212.2 ± 86.5 | 0.572 |
| WBC (103/mm3) | 7.8 ± 4.4 | 7.2 ± 3.0 | 8.1 ± 5.0 | 0.072 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 135.7 ± 96.5 | 128.0 ± 97.9 | 140.1. 94.1 | 0.312 |
| D-dimers (ng/ml) | 1,638.6 ± 2,720.7 | 1,048.5 ± 1,442.4 | 1,830.9 ± 2,613.0 | 0.042 |
| LDH (U/L) | 968.4 ± 1,183.8 | 988.6 ± 608.8 | 1,000.3 ± 595.8 | 0.877 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 0.659 |
| cTnT (μg/L) | 0.02 ± 0.04 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.2 ± 1.2 | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 1.4 | 0.012 |
| Chest CT | ||||
| Ground-glass opacity (n, %) | 226 (80.7) | 115 (87.7) | 111 (74.4) | 0.854 |
| Interlobular septal thickening (n, %) | 25 (8.9) | 9 (6.8) | 17 (11.4) | 0.076 |
| Pulmonary consolidation (n, %) | 94 (33.5) | 44 (33.5) | 50 (33.5) | 0.267 |
| Pleural effusion (n, %) | 14 (5.0) | 4 (3.0) | 10 (6.7) | 0.068 |
| ICU admission (n, %) | 71 (18.2) | 33 (25.1) | 39 (26.1) | 0.500 |
BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; WBC, white blood cells; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; CRP, C-reactive protein; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; cTnT, cardiac troponin T; CT, computed tomography; ICU, intensive care unit; CAC, coronary artery calcium.