Table 1.
Comparison of baseline clinical and ECG characteristics in men and women
| Characteristics | Men (n = 6601) | Women (n = 8124) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 54.6 ± 5.8 | 53.8 ± 5.7 | <.0001 |
| White | 5229 (78.1) | 5886 (71.4) | <.0001 |
| Postmenopausal | — | 4834 (59.5) | |
| Heart failure | 204 (3.1) | 475 (5.9) | <.0001 |
| Coronary heart disease | 528 (8.0) | 169 (2.1) | <.0001 |
| Stroke | 142 (2.2) | 107 (1.3) | <.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.5 ± 4.2 | 27.8 ± 6.1 | .0002 |
| Diabetes | 784 (12.0) | 948 (11.7) | .697 |
| Hypertension | 2227 (33.7) | 2811 (34.6) | .272 |
| Antihypertensive drugs | 1782 (27.0) | 2664 (32.8) | <.0001 |
| Current tobacco smoker | 1809 (27.4) | 2020 (24.9) | <.0001 |
| Current alcohol drinker | 4282 (64.9) | 4010 (49.4) | <.0001 |
| Leisure physical activity score | 2.34 ± 0.56 | 2.38 ± 0.59 | .0001 |
| Education less than high school | 1543 (23.4) | 1863 (22.9) | .526 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.46 ± 1.03 | 5.64 ± 1.12 | <.0001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 44.3 ± 13.8 | 57.6 ± 17.3 | <.0001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.60 ± 1.13 | 1.39 ± 0.92 | <.0001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 16.1 ± 4.3 | 14.5 ± 4.3 | <.0001 |
| Chronic kidney disease stage ≥2 | 2310 (35.0) | 2247 (27.7) | <.0001 |
| Use of antiarrhythmic drugs | 1006 (15.2) | 1043 (12.8) | <.0001 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 64.6 ± 10.2 | 67.5 ± 10.0 | <.0001 |
| QRS duration (ms) | 96.9 ± 12.5 | 88.4 ± 10.7 | <.0001 |
| QTc (ms) | 411.6 ± 17.0 | 420.0 ± 20.0 | <.0001 |
| Cornell voltage (mV) | 1.40 ± 0.6 | 1.10 ± 0.5 | <.0001 |
| Sex-specific ECG LVH | 423 (6.4) | 419 (5.2) | .001 |
| QRST (°) | 69.9 ± 28.7 | 54.4 ± 26.0 | <.0001 |
| SVG magnitude (mV) | 1.75 ± 0.5 | 1.68 ± 0.5 | <.0001 |
| SVG elevation (°) | 70.3 ± 18.6 | 65.4 ± 15.9 | <.0001 |
| SVG azimuth (°) | 21.6 ± 27.6 | 26.2 ± 22.6 | <.0001 |
| SAI QRST (mV·ms) | 161 ± 55 | 129 ± 41 | <.0001 |
Values are given as mean ± SD or n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
ECG = electrocardiography; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy; SAI QRST = sum absolute QRST integral; SVG = spatial ventricular gradient.