Table 1.
List of recorded tenant species and their number of nesting pairs present in monk parakeet nests in the native (South America: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay) and invaded (Italy, Puerto Rico, Continental Spain, Tenerife) ranges of monk parakeets. The number of recorded tenant nests used in GLMs (shown in Table 2) are in parentheses.
| Tenant Species | Invaded Areas | Native Areas | Total Records | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | P. Rico | C. Spain | Tenerife | Argentina | Brazil | Paraguay | Uruguay | ||
| BIRDS | |||||||||
| Agelaioides badius V,O/C | 4 (4) | 1 (1) | 5 | ||||||
| Amazona amazonica V,C | 1 * | 1 | |||||||
| Anumbius annumbi S | 2 (2) | 2 | |||||||
| Caracara plancus P,S | 6 (2) | 6 | |||||||
| Chloris chloris S | 11 (6) | 11 | |||||||
| Ciconia ciconia P,S | 2 | 2 | |||||||
| Columba livia var. domestica V,C | 4 (4) * | 185 (86) | 4 | 7 (7) * | 200 | ||||
| Columba oenas V,C | 268 (142) | 268 | |||||||
| Columba palumbus S | 6 (2) | 6 | |||||||
| Coloeus monedula V,P,C | 196 (123) | 196 | |||||||
| Coryphistera alaudina C | 1 (1) | 1 | |||||||
| Dendrocygna autumnalis V,C | 1 (1) | 1 | |||||||
| Falco sparverius V,P,C | 2 (2) | 3 (2) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 7 | ||||
| Falco tinnunculus V,P,C | 20 (12) | 9 (1) | 29 | ||||||
| Geranoaetus polyosoma P,S | 2 | 2 | |||||||
| Machetornis rixosa O/C | 10 (10) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 14 | ||||
| Mimus saturninus C | 1 (1) | 1 | |||||||
| Molothrus bonariensis C | 1 (1) * † | 1 | |||||||
| Otus scops V,P,C | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Passer domesticus V,O/C | 27 (27) * | 852 (492) | 94 (87) * | 10 (10) * | 33 (33) * | 1016 | |||
| Passer hispaniolensis S | 285 (133) | 39 (4) | 324 | ||||||
| Passer italiae V,O/C | 4 | 4 | |||||||
| Passer montanus V,O/C | 278 (122) | 278 | |||||||
| Pitangus sulphuratus S/C | 3 (2) | 2(1) | 4 (4) | 9 | |||||
| Psittacara leucophthalmus V/C | 1 (1) | 1 | |||||||
| Patagioenas picazuro S | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Psittacula krameri V/C | 35 (6) * | 35 | |||||||
| Quiscalus niger S | 42 (42) | 42 | |||||||
| Schoeniophylax phryganophilus S/C | 2 (2) | 2 | |||||||
| Sicalis flaveola V,O/C | 4 (4) | 1 (1) | 7 (7) | 12 | |||||
| Sicalis luteola O/C | 2 (2) | 2 | |||||||
| Streptopelia decaocto S/C | 28 (10) | 4 | 32 | ||||||
| Streptopelia roseogrisea S | 4 * | 4 | |||||||
| Strix aluco V,P,C | 1 (1) | 1 | |||||||
| Sturnus unicolor V,O/C | 158 (100) | 158 | |||||||
| Thraupis palmarum C | 2 (2) | 2 | |||||||
| Tyrannus melancholicus C | 1 (1) | 1 | |||||||
| Tyrannus savana S | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Upupa epops V,C | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Zenaida aurita S | 3 (3) | 3 | |||||||
| MAMMALS | |||||||||
| Sciurus vulgaris V,P,C | 4 (2) | 4 | |||||||
| INSECTS | |||||||||
| Unknown bee (Apoidea) V,C | 1 (1) | 1 | |||||||
| UNKNOWN TENANT | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 2 | ||||||
Traits of tenants: (V) a cavity nester, (P) a predator. Nest use: how tenant species used colonies: as nesting substrate (S), occupying openings (O), or occupying nesting chambers (C). * Tenant species is a non-native species in the area. † Brood parasite species that parasitized on a house sparrow’s egg-laying.