FIGURE 1.

PK/PD model for remimazolam. keo_r and keo_f describe the rates of equilibrium between plasma concentrations and sedation for remimazolam and fentanyl, respectively. RCMOAA of 4 (“not sedated”) was equivalent to an MOAA/S of 5; RCMOAA of 3 (“light sedation”) was equivalent to an MOAA/S of 4; RCMOAA of 2 (“moderate sedation”) was equivalent to an MOAA/S of 3 or 2; RCMOAA of 1 (“deep sedation”) was equivalent to an MOAA/S of 1 or 0; and RCMOAAS of 6 was used for “inadequate sedation” (resulting in rescue medication). Pr = Transition probabilities (probabilities for subjects being in each of the four states at each time point conditioned on their previous state) defined using two digits (first = previous score, second = current score). Numbers of subjects in the following transitions were too small to be modeled: P41, P42, P31, P13, and P14. MOAA/S, Modified Observer’s Assessment of Awareness/Sedation Scale; PD, pharmacodynamic; PK, pharmacokinetic; RCMOAA, recoded Modified Observer’s Assessment of Awareness/Sedation Scale