Table 1. Clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcome for women with and without gestational diabetes (GDM).
a) GDM in accordance with WHO 1999-criteria in 706 women with PCOS. b) GDM diagnosed in accordance with WHO 2013-criteria in 702 women with PCOS.
| a) GDM in accordance with WHO 1999-criteria in 706 women with PCOS. | ||||
| Non-GDM | GDM | P-value | ||
| N (%) | 506 (72) | 200 (28) | ||
| Randomization | Metformin | 248 (49) | 97 (49) | 0.90 |
| Baseline data | Age, years | 29.6 ± 4.3 | 30.4 ± 4.6 | 0.038 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.1 ± 6.2 | 29.6 ± 6.5 | 0.006 | |
| Weight, kg | 79.4 ± 18.2 | 81.8 ± 18.0 | 0.12 | |
| Nulliparous | 297 (59) | 107 (54) | 0.23 | |
| Comorbidity | 237 (47) | 99 (50) | 0.52 | |
| Smoking | 26 (5) | 10 (5) | 0.95 | |
| Maternal outcome | HT, debut in pregn. | 28 (6) | 6 (3) | 0.09 |
| Preeclampsia | 34 (7) | 9 (5) | 0.27 | |
| Weight gain, Kg * | 10.8 ± 4.9 | 8.2 ± 5.4 | <0.001 | |
| Neonatal outcome | Birth weight, g | 3576 ± 562 | 3445 ± 655 | 0.008 |
| Birth weight, z-score | -0.01 ± 1.02 | -0.14 ± 1.08 | 0.16 | |
| Gest. age, days | 278 ± 18 | 273 ± 23 | 0.013 | |
| SGA/LGA § | 52 (10)/45 (9) | 25 (13)/19 (10) | 0.60 | |
| b) GDM diagnosed in accordance with WHO 2013-criteria in 702 women with PCOS. | ||||
| Non-GDM | GDM | p-value | ||
| N (%) | 413 (59) | 289 (41) | ||
| Randomization | Metformin | 197 (48) | 139 (48) | 0.94 |
| Baseline data | Age, years | 29.4 ± 4.2 | 30.3 ± 4.6 | 0.009 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.2 ± 5.7 | 30.5 ± 6.6 | <0.001 | |
| Weight, kg | 76.6 ± 16.7 | 85.1 ± 19.3 | <0.001 | |
| Nulliparous | 242 (59) | 165 (57) | 0.33 | |
| Comorbidity | 183 (44) | 153 (53) | 0.024 | |
| Smoking | 21 (5) | 15 (5) | 0.96 | |
| Maternal outcome | HT, debut in pregn. | 19 (5) | 14 (5) | 0.46 |
| PE | 24 (6) | 19 (7) | 0.68 | |
| Weight gain, kg * | 10.9 ± 4.7 | 9.0 ± 5.6 | <0.001 | |
| Neonatal outcome | Birth weight, g | 3539 ± 564 | 3515 ± 680 | 0.60 |
| Birth weight, z-score | -0.08 ± 1.00 | 0.01 ± 1.07 | 0.28 | |
| Gest. age, days | 278 ± 16 | 274 ± 25 | 0.008 | |
| SGA/LGA | 47 (11)/33 (8) | 29 (10)/29 (5) | 0.56 | |
a) Values given as mean ± SD or N (%) as appropriate. * N = 647. HT hypertension, PE preeclampsia, SGA small for gestational age, LGA large for gestational age.
b) Values given as mean ± SD or N (%) as appropriate. HT hypertension, PE preeclampsia, SGA small for gestational age, LGA large for gestational age. * N = 635.