Table 4. GDM diagnosed at inclusion (in first trimester) compared to GDM diagnosed later in pregnancy.

a) GDM after WHO 1999 criteria, N = 195. b) GDM after WHO 2013 criteria, N = 284.

a) GDM after WHO 1999 criteria, N = 195:
		GDM		p-value
		Early GDM	Late GDM
	N (%)	77 (39)	118 (61)
Baseline data	Age, years	31.5 ± 4.2	29.6 ± 4.6	0.004
	Nulliparity	36 (46)	66 (55)	0.10
	BMI, kg/m2	30.5 ± 6.2	29.0 ± 6.7	0.11
	Weight, kg	83.8 ± 16.8	80.5 ± 18.8	0.21
	Comorbidity	32 (42)	62 (53)	0.13
	Smoking	4 (5)	6 (5)	0.97
Maternal outcome	HT	1 (1)	5 (4)	0.22
	PE	4 (5)	5 (4)	0.76
	Preterm birth	3 (4)	6 (5)	0.65
	Weight gain, kg *	7.0 ± 4.8	9.0 ± 5.7	0.015
	Gest. age, days	269 ± 34	276 ± 12	0.032
	Insulin treatment	17 (22)	6 (5)	<0.001
Neonatal outcome	Birth weight, g	3337 ± 793	3507 ± 552	0.08
	Birth weight, z-score	-0.19 ± 1.09	-0.10 ± 1.10	0.58
	SGA/LGA §	9 (12)/6 (8)	16 (14)/13 (12)	0.78
b) GDM after WHO 2013 criteria, N = 284:
		GDM		p-value
		GDM at incl	Late GDM
	N (%)	160 (56)	124 (44)
Baseline data	Age, years	30.8 ± 4.6	29.4 ± 4.4	0.008
	Nulliparity	90 (56)	72 (58)	0.61
	BMI, kg/m2	31.1 ± 6.4	29.9 ± 6.8	0.13
	Weight, kg	86.6 ± 18.4	83.4 ± 20.0	0.16
	Comorbidity	83 (52)	66 (53)	0.82
	Smoking	6 (4)	9 (7)	0.19
Maternal outcome	HT	7 (4)	7 (6)	0.73
	PE	9 (6)	10 (8)	0.41
	Preterm birth	7 (4)	9 (7%)	0.30
	Weight gain, kg *	8.3 ± 5.4	9.9 ± 5.7	0.031
	Gest. age, days	271 ± 30	276 ± 17	0.10
	Insulin treatment	20 (13)	4 (3)	0.005
Neonatal outcome	Birth weight, g	3505 ± 718	3518 ± 641	0.88
	Birth weight, z-score	0.03 ± 1.07	-0.02 ± 1.09	0.69
	SGA/LGA §	15 (10)/15 (10)	14 (11)/14 (11)	0.80

a) Values given as mean ± SD or N (%) as appropriate. HT hypertension, PE preeclampsia, SGA small for gestational age, LGA large for gestational age. * N = 175, ^§ N = 191.

b) Values given as mean ± SD or N (%) as appropriate. HT hypertension, PE preeclampsia, SGA small for gestational age, LGA large for gestational age. * N = 247, ^§ N = 277.