Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19, according to the occurrence of the primary outcome (FO: favorable outcome, UO: unfavorable outcome). * p < 0.05 FO vs. UO or survivors vs. non-survivors.
| Characteristic | Total (n = 50) |
FO (n = 17) |
UO (n = 33) |
Survivors (n = 20) |
Non-Survivors (n = 30) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR)—years | 62 (44–68) | 38 (17–63) | 64 (49–68) | 49 (17–63) | 66 (51–68) * |
| Female gender—no. (%) | 22 (44) | 8 (48) | 14 (43) | 9 (43) | 13 (45) |
| SAPS 3, median (IQR) | 63 (52–75) | 55 (51–72) | 69 (57–78) | 58 (51–69) | 67 (54–78) |
| Antibiotics use—no. (%) | 36 (77) | 14 (70) | 22 (82) | 15 (71) | 21 (81) |
| Comorbidities and risk factors—no. (%) | |||||
| Hypertension | 26 (54) | 9 (52) | 17 (51) | 11 (52) | 15 (56) |
| Diabetes | 15 (31) | 6 (35) | 9 (27) | 6 (29) | 9 (33) |
| Obesity | 23 (46) | 9 (52) | 14 (42) | 9 (43) | 11 (42) |
| Current smoker | 15 (31) | 5 (29) | 10 (30) | 6 (29) | 9 (33) |
| Chronic kidney failure | 7 (15) | 2 (11) | 5 (15) | 2 (10) | 5 (19) |
| Laboratory variables | |||||
| D-dimer—ng/mL, median (IQR) | 2304 (1120–5528) |
2018 (1120–6027) |
2512 (1007–18,631) |
2038 (1166–4792) |
2449 (1007–18,631) |
| Creatinine—mg/dL, median (IQR) | 1.25 (0.66–2.71) | 1.23 (0.66–2.52) | 1.41 (0.66–4.59) | 0.98 (0.62–1.82) | 1.45 (0.69–4.59) |
| Platelets count—×109/L | 240 (150–333) | 293 (146–375) | 217 (146–310) | 257(170–375) | 226 (146–310) |
| Intravenous sedation | |||||
| Midazolam—no. (%) | 44 (88) | 12 (70) | 23 (69) | 18 (86) | 26 (90) |
| Propofol—no. (%) | 13 (26) | 6 (30) | 7 (21) | 7 (33) | 6 (21) |
| Ketamine—no. (%) | 2 (4) | 0 | 2 (6) | 0 (0) | 2 (7) |
| On the day of the first assessment | |||||
| MAP—mmHg | 79 (72–87) | 83 (75–90) | 77 (72–83) | 84 (75–90) | 78 (72–82) |
| MAP < 65 mmHg—no. (%) | 2 (4) | – | 2 (6) | – | 2 (7) |
| Vasopressor use—no. (%) | 25 (50) | 9 (50) | 16 (32) | 8 (38) | 17 (77) |
| Heart rate—mmHg | 87 (75–98) | 75 (72–81) | 87 (79–104) | 78 (72–93) | 89 (82–104) |
| Respiratory rate—rpm | 26 (22–30) | 25 (22–31) | 29 (23–32) | 26 (22–29) | 28 (22–32) |
| Oxygen saturation (SaO2)—% | 93 (90–95) | 94 (90–97) | 92 (90–95) | 93 (91–94) | 92 (90–95) |
| PaO2 < 60 mmHg—no. (%) | 3 (6) | 1 (5) | 2 (6) | 1 (5) | 2 (7) |
| PaCO2—mmHg | 41 (37–49) | 39 (36–44) | 42 (40–44) | 40 (37–44) | 42 (38–44) |
| PaCO2 > 45 mmHg)—no. (%) | 16 (32) | 4 (22) | 12 (37) | 5 (24) | 11 (38) |
| Temperature—°C | 36.1 (35.6–36.9) |
36 (35.8–37) |
36.5 (35.5–38) |
36.2 (35.5–37.0) |
36.2 (35.7–38.0) |
| Hemoglobin—g/dL | 11.1 (8.8–12.7) | 11.2 (9.9–12.9) | 10.3 (8.7–13.1) | 11.6 (10.4–12.4) | 10.2 (8.7–13.1) |
| PaO2/FiO2 –median (IQR) | 145 (127–182) | 178 (141–216) | 132 (98–151) | 167 (138–216) | 136 (98–151) * |
| Renal replacement therapy—no. (%) | 13 (32) | 5 (27) | 8 (25) | 5 (26.3) | 8 (36) |
MAP = mean arterial pressure.