Table 1.
Summary of conventional and POC detection methods with their advantages and limitations.
| Detection Method | Advantages | Limitations | Target |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serological | Comparatively fast, easier to execute, less expensive | Expensive device required shows cross-reactivity | NS1,IgA, IgG and IgM |
| PCR | Accurate, early stage detection, muliplexibility, highly sensitive and specific, selective | Only suitable for high resource available settings, skilled personnel needed, prone to contamination, laborious and time consuming | RNA |
| Isothermal | Fast, no need of thermocycler, simpler than PCR, early stage detection | Less multiplexibility than PCR, prone to primer dimer due to high no of primers. | RNA |
| SPR | Real time detection, label free, low sample comsumption, early detection capability. | Lower sensitivity, susceptible to nonspecific binding | NS1, IgG and IgM |
| EIS | Inexpensive, label free, high throughput, sensitive, requires a low volume of samples. | Cumbersome sample preprocessing, requires cleanroom access (sometimes), | RNA, NS1 |
| SERS | Highly specific, simple sample preparation, high throughput | Lacks robustness and reproducibility, highly expensive Raman reader | NS1, DENV Gene |
| LOC | Disposable, automation potential, cheaper, POC applicable, low reagent consumption, sample-in and answer-out | Manual sample loading, requires an expensive device fabrication process (sometimes), | IgM/IgG, NS1, E, and RNA |
| LFA | Easy, fast, no sample processing, cheaper than conventional methods. | Mishandling can be occurred, cross-reactivity, qualitative/semi-qualitative result | NS1, IgG, IgM, IgA, |
| LODc | Disposable, automation potential, cheaper, POC applicable, low reagent consumption | Labor intensive, requires 3D printing access, expensive equipment for device fabrication | RNA |
| μPAD | Disposable, automation potential, cheaper, POC applicable, low reagent consumption, smartphone integration | Manual sample loading, lower sensitivity, qualitative/semi-qualitative result | NS1, IgM |
| Microarray | Multiplexity, higher sensitivity, high throughput | Expensive, skilled personnel needed, lengthy time of execution, not POC applicable | Gene expression of DENV |
| Threads | Disposable, biocompatible, reproducible, cheaper, portable, readily available | Early stage of development, flow manipulation | Anti-DENV antibody |
| CRISPR | Rapid, highly sensitive, cheaper, simple | non-specific binding, | RNA |