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. 2021 Jun 28;11(7):952. doi: 10.3390/biom11070952

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Host defence peptides expressed by skin cells are induced by immune response, and act via signalling proteins belonging to growth factors like Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and cytokines like Tumor Necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Immune cells produce LL-37 from the cathelicidin family (Pdb code: 2K6O) [10] and defensin family: Human defensin 1 (Pdb code: 1IJU) [38], Human defensin 2 (Pdb code: 1FD4) [39], Human defensin 3 (Pdb code: 1KJ6) [40].