Figure 3.

Snapshot of ubiquitin proteasome-dependent gastrointestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer. Gut homeostasis is regulated via the function of various ubiquitination enzymes (E3 ligases and DUBs) that regulate NFκB signaling, inflammasome activation, and β-catenin signaling. Altered expression or functions of ubiquitination enzymes, or proteasome subunits, is associated aberrant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune cell differentiation, which disrupts homeostasis and promotes gut inflammation, potentially inducing chronic inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer.