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Energy dissipated by skin calculated from the area of the % of elastic modulus versus strain curve (with units of MPa) in vivo as a function of strain at 30 Hz (the lowest frequency that VOCT measurements can be made) and collagen fiber orientation. Note the energy dissipated appears similar for all collagen orientations and only depends on the degree of stretch. Parallel measurements were made at 0° while perpendicular ones were made at 90°.
