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. 2021 Jul 16;11(7):1045. doi: 10.3390/biom11071045

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Multiple leptin signaling pathways. Leptin binding to its receptor activates the JAK–STAT3, PI3K, and ERK pathways. For JAK–STAT activation, activated JAK2 tyrosine kinase induces the phosphorylation of Tyr985 and Tyr1138 of ObRb, which results in the activation of STAT3/STAT5. Phospho-Tyr985 recruits SHP-2 and GRB2 resulting in the activation of ERK signaling. Furthermore, leptin activates PI3K by recruiting IRS proteins and it is also able to inhibit AMPK activity.