Table 2.
The content of phenolic compounds in methanolic extracts of M, TM, SE and TME powders (results are expressed as mg/kg SM of powders), determined using UHPLC-DAD MS/MS.
| Samples | M | TM | SE | TME1 | TME2 | TME3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compounds (mg/kg DW of Powders) | ||||||
| Fenolic Acid and its Derivatives | ||||||
| Gallic acid | n.d. | n.d. | 224.17 ± 3.94 a | 5.74 ± 0.40 b | 12.64 ± 0.30 c | 25.89 ± 1.12 d |
| Protocatechuic acid | n.d. | n.d. | 2.43 ± 0.08 | n.d. | n.d | n.d |
| Syringic acid | n.d. | n.d. | 1.84 ± 0.07 | n.d. | n.d | n.d |
| Caffeic acid | n.d. | n.d. | 2.24 ± 0.20 a | 1.26 ± 0.06 b | 1.31 ± 0.09 b | 1.25 ± 0.10 b |
| Flavan–3-ols and its Derivatives | ||||||
| Catechin | n.d. | n.d. | 518.28 ± 14.73 a | 8.04 ± 0.14 b | 18.90 ± 0.92 c | 37.15 ± 1.60 d |
| Catechin gallat | n.d. | n.d. | 8.36 ± 0.13 a | 0.83 ± 0.02 b | 1.52 ± 0.08 c | 2.72 ± 0.14 d |
| Gallocatechin | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| Epigallocatechin | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| Epigallocatechin gallat | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| Flavanol Aglycones i Glycosides | ||||||
| Quercetin | n.d. | n.d. | 32.66 ± 2.10 | n.d. | n.d | n.d |
| Quercetin–3-glucoside | n.d. | n.d. | 1.51 ± 0.07 a | 0.51 ± 0.02 b | 0.89 ± 0.05 c | 1.41 ± 0.06 a |
| Rutin | n.d. | n.d. | 0.30 ± 0.02 a | 0.36 ± 0.02 b | 0.37 ± 0.03 b | 0.46 ± 0.04 c |
| Isorhramnetin | n.d. | n.d. | 17.31 ± 0.87 | n.d. | n.d | n.d |
| Isorhramnetin–3-O-glucoside | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.15 ± 0.01 a | 0.26 ± 0.02 b | 0.60 ± 0.03 c |
| Kaempferol | n.d. | n.d. | 7.90 ± 0.34 a | 1.20 ± 0.02 b | 1.41 ± 0.04 c | 1.67 ± 0.01 d |
| Other Detected Phenolics | ||||||
| Apigenin–7-glucoside | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.16 ± 0.01 a | n.d | 0.18 ± 0.02 a |
| Naringenin | n.d. | n.d. | 0.81 ± 0.04 | n.d. | n.d | n.d |
| Aesculetin | n.d. | n.d. | 2.79 ± 0.20 | n.d. | n.d | n.d |
| Σ Σ | / | / | 820.59 | 18.24 | 37.30 | 71.35 |
Values are presented as mean values ± standard deviations (n = 3); Different letters in the same order denote a significant difference according to t-test, p < 0.05. “n.d.”—compound not detected; Abbreviations: methanolic extracts of spray dried milk (M); thermally treated milk (TM); grape pomace seed extract (SE); thermally treated milk/seed extract (TME).