AD	Alzheimer’s disease
ALS	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
AMPA	α-amino-3 hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor
AMPK	adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
ANT	adenine nucleotide translocase
APAF-1	apoptosis protease-activating factor-1
ASC	adaptor protein
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
Aβ	amyloid beta-peptide
BAP31	B-cell receptor-associated protein 31
BDNF	brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BER	Base excision repair
β/cAMP	β-adrenergic signalling
Ca2+	Calcium
CAMKII	Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
CAT	Catalase
CDKs	cyclin-dependent kinases
CICR	Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release
CHCHD2	coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2
CHCHD10	coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing 10
CREB	cAMP response element-binding protein
Cybrid	cytoplasmatic hybrids
CypD	cyclophilin D
CytC	cytochrome C
Drp1	dynamin-related protein 1
EMRE	essential MCU regulator
eNOS	endothelial NOS
ER	endoplasmic reticulum
ERKs	extracellular signal-regulated kinases
Fis1	mitochondrial fission 1
FUS	fused in sarcoma
FZ	frizzled receptor
GABA	γ-aminobutyric acid
GPx	glutathione peroxidase
GSH	Glutathione
Grp75	mitochondrial chaperone glucose-regulated protein 75
GSK3β	glycogen synthase kinase-3β
H2O2	hydrogen peroxide
HD	Huntington’s disease
HKII	hexokinase II
HTT	Huntingtin
IKK	IkB kinase
IL-18	interleukin 18
IL-1β	interleukin 1β
IL-6	interleukin 6
IMM	inner mitochondrial membrane
INF2	inverted formin 2
IP3R	inositol triphosphate receptor
IR	insulin receptor
IRS	insulin receptor substrate
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LRP5/6	low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6
LRRK	Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2
LTP	long-term potentiation
MAM	mitochondria associated membranes
MAPK	mitogen activated protein kinases
MCI	mild cognitive impairment
MCU	mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter
MCUb	Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Dominant Negative Subunit Beta
MCUR1	MCU regulator 1
MFF	mitochondrial fission factor
MFN	Mitofusin
MFN1	mitofusin protein 1
MFN2	mitofusin protein 2
MICU1	mitochondrial calcium uptake 1
MICU2	mitochondrial calcium uptake 2
MiD49	mitochondrial dynamic protein 49
MiD50	mitochondrial dynamic protein 50
Miro	Mitochondrial Rho GTPase
MNRR1	Mitochondria Nuclear Retrograde Regulator 1
mPTP	mitochondrial permeability transition pore
MPTP	1-methyl4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine
MRC	mitochondrial respiratory chain
mtDNA	mitochondrial DNA
mtNOS	mitochondrial NOS
mTOR	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase
Myo19	myosin19
NAD+/NADH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NCLX	Li+-permeable Na+/Ca2+ exchanger
NFAT	nuclear factor of activated T-cells
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NLRP3	Nod-like receptor 3
NMDAR	N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
nNOS	neuronal NOS
NO	Nitric oxide
NOS	constitutive NO-synthase
NRF1	nuclear respiratory factor 1
NRF2	nuclear respiratory factor 2
O2·−	superoxide anion
OH.−	hydroxyl radical
OMM	outer mitochondrial membrane
ONOO−	Peroxynitrite
OPA1	protein optic atrophy 1
p38α	p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase alpha
PACS-2	phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PGC-1α	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1α
PGC1β	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-beta
PI3K	phospho-inositol-3 kinase
PINK1	PTEN-induced kinase 1
PIP	phosphatidylinositol phosphate
PKC	protein kinase C
PRC	PGC-related coactivator
PS2	presenilin 2
pS302	phosphorylation of insulin receptor at serine-302
pS307	phosphorylation of insulin receptor at serine-307
PTPIP51	tyrosine phosphatase-interacting protein-51
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RyR	ryanodine receptor
SERCA	sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
SIRT	silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog
SOC	store-operated Ca2+ channel
SOCE	store operated Ca2+ entry
SOCS	suppressor cytokine signalling
SOD	antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase
SOD1	Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1
SLC25A23	solute carrier 25A23
STIM	stromal interaction molecule
T2D	type 2 diabetes
SNPC	substantia nigra pars compacta
SNPH	Syntaphilin
TCA	tricarboxylic acid cycle
TARDBP/TDP-43	transactive response DNA binding protein 43
TFAM	mitochondrial transcription factor A
TFB1M	cofactor mitochondrial transcription factor B
TH	thyroid hormone
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor α
TOMM 40	Translocase of the OMM 40
TRAK	trafficking kinesin protein
TRP	transient receptor potential
VAPB	vesicle-associated membrane protein-B
VDAC	voltage dependent anion channel 1
VGCC	voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
WISP3/CCN6	Wnt-induced signaling protein 3
Wnt	Wnt signaling pathway
ΔΨm	mitochondrial membrane potential.