Table 2.

Diagnostic testing and treatments

Case	Diagnosis	Treatments in addition to ribavirin aerosola
Patient 1	Before hospital admission: nasopharyngeal swab positive for SARS-CoV-2 After hospital admission: second nasopharyngeal swab and test for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies both negative Bronchoscopy and bronchial washing (with antibiotic solution) performed to aid in diagnosis  Analysis of bronchial washing fluids (microbiological and cytological examinations, polymerase chain reaction assay) positive for SARS-CoV-2	During hospitalization: antimicrobial empiric treatment with orally administered azithromycin (500 mg qd) and parenterally administered ceftriaxone (2 g/day) for 6 days, starting 3 days before ribavirin aerosol treatment was initiated No supplemental oxygen required
Patient 2	Before hospital admission: nasopharyngeal swab positive for SARS-CoV-2	Before admission: hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin During hospitalization (before exclusion of secondary infections): levofloxacin 750 mg qd, parenterally administered dexamethasone 6 mg/day, and orally administered lopinavir/ritonavir (200 mg/50 mg tablet bid) for 7 days Levofloxacin and lopinavir/ritonavir discontinued, and dexamethasone switched to orally administered prednisone 25 mg qd, which was reduced to 12.5 mg qd for 2 days and then discontinued Supplemental low flow oxygen on days 2 and 3 of ribavirin therapy
Patient 3	Before hospital admission: nasopharyngeal swab positive for SARS-CoV-2 At admission: serology test positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies	Before admission: orally administered azithromycin 500 mg/day and orally administered prednisone 25 mg/day for 10 days During hospitalization: no other antiviral or immunomodulating treatments; no supplemental oxygen required
Patient 4	Before hospital admission: nasopharyngeal swab positive for SARS-CoV-2 At admission: repeat nasopharyngeal swab positive for SARS-CoV-2	During hospitalization: no other antiviral or immunomodulating treatments; no supplemental oxygen required
Patient 5	At admission: nasopharyngeal swab negative for SARS-CoV-2 During hospitalization: nasopharyngeal swab with weak positive result followed by nasopharyngeal swab with a confirmatory positive result and serology test positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies	During hospitalization (before diagnosis was confirmed): empiric treatment with antibiotics (piperacillin/tazobactam) for 7 days and low-flow supplemental oxygen During ribavirin therapy: no other antiviral or immunomodulating treatments; no supplemental oxygen required

^aAll patients received low-molecular-weight heparin throughout hospitalization except patient 5, who received prophylaxis with enoxaparin and an antiplatelet agent to reduce thromboembolic risk