Table 1.

Adverse outcomes associated with loneliness and social isolation

PHYSICAL HEALTH	MENTAL HEALTH	HEALTH SERVICE USE
• Increased mortality	• Increased depression	• Increased emergency department visits
• Increased falls	• Increased dementia	• Increased physician visits
• Increased cardiovascular disease	• Decreased life satisfaction	• Increased hospital readmissions
• Increased serious illness	• Increased elder abuse	• Increased long-term care admissions
• Increased functional decline
• Increased malnutrition

Data from Keefe et al,³ Andrew et al,⁴ the National Seniors Council,⁵ Menec et al,¹¹ Holt-Lunstad et al,¹² Kuiper et al,¹³ the Medical Advisory Secretariat,¹⁴ Wright-St Clair et al,¹⁵ Eng et al,¹⁶ Mistry et al,¹⁷ Faulkner et al,¹⁸ and Mendes de Leon et al.¹⁹