Table 2.
Characteristics of study participants in childhood and early adulthood.
| Variables, n (%), mean (SD) or median (interquartile range) | Total population (n = 1872) | Low slow-increasing (n = 375) | Low moderate-increasing (n = 1051) | Low rapid-increasing (n = 319) | Moderate-increasing (n = 68) | Elevated-decreasing (n = 59) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Childhood | |||||||
| Males (n, %) | 1109 (59.24%) | 235 (62.67%) | 627 (59.66%) | 170 (53.29%) | 45 (66.18%) | 32 (54.24%) | 0.0737 |
| Age∗ (years) | 11.52 ± 3.13 | 11.62 ± 3.03 | 11.46 ± 3.23 | 11.60 ± 3.16 | 11.78 ± 3.09 | 9.51 ± 1.70 | <0.0001 |
| Height (cm) | 139.52 ± 16.91 | 138.23 ± 16.80 | 139.84 ± 16.73 | 140.94 ± 17.45 | 144.96 ± 17.38 | 128.17 ± 11.61 | <0.0001 |
| Weight (kg) | 34.45 ± 12.31 | 29.34 ± 9.41 | 34.08 ± 11.30 | 38.50 ± 14.52 | 47.61 ± 16.74 | 36.59 ± 7.26 | <0.0001 |
| Numbers of BMI measurements | 3 (2–3) | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | 4 (4–5) | 0.0138 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 100.25 ± 9.23 | 97.57 ± 8.44 | 99.95 ± 9.08 | 102.88 ± 8.95 | 107.33 ± 11.55 | 100.29 ± 7.59 | <0.0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 65.58 ± 7.06 | 63.87 ± 6.75 | 65.29 ± 6.98 | 67.49 ± 6.77 | 69.94 ± 8.34 | 66.46 ± 6.30 | <0.0001 |
| SBP-z score | −0.71 [−1.41–(−0.04)] | −0.76 [−1.56–(−0.16)] | −0.78 [−1.42–(−0.07)] | −0.54 (−1.25–0.17) | −0.24 (−1.06–0.66) | −0.80 (−1.88–0.10) | <0.0001 |
| DBP-z score | 0.15 (−0.35–0.64) | 0.09 (−0.36–0.52) | 0.08 (−0.38–0.60) | 0.25 (−0.16–0.89) | 0.34 (−0.20–0.92) | 0.09 (−0.64–1.05) | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 17.30 ± 2.90 | 15.10 ± 1.60 | 17.09 ± 2.30 | 18.72 ± 2.99 | 21.99 ± 3.33 | 22.00 ± 2.52 | <0.0001 |
| Overweight | 89 (4.75%) | 1 (0.27%) | 21 (2.00%) | 6 (1.88%) | 11 (16.18%) | 30 (50.85%) | <0.0001 |
| Obesity | 69 (3.69%) | 1 (0.27%) | 18 (1.71%) | 19 (5.96%) | 31 (45.59%) | 20 (33.90%) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||||||
| Early adulthood | |||||||
| Educational level | |||||||
| Primary school and below | 382 (20.41%) | 81 (21.60%) | 230 (21.88%) | 56 (17.55%) | 11 (16.18%) | 4 (6.78%) | 0.0721 |
| Lower middle school degree | 8 (0.43%) | 18 (4.80%) | 66 (6.28%) | 25 (7.84%) | 8 (11.76%) | 1 (1.69%) | |
| Upper middle school degree | 118 (6.30%) | 2 (0.53%) | 4 (0.38%) | 2 (0.63%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Technical or vocational degree | 4 (0.21%) | 1 (0.27%) | 1 (0.10%) | 2 (0.63%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
|
| |||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 111.63 ± 10.57 | 108.80 ± 10.17 | 111.75 ± 10.43 | 113.51 ± 10.91 | 115.90 ± 10.75 | 112.41 ± 9.13 | <0.0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 73.19 ± 7.89 | 71.49 ± 7.34 | 73.24 ± 7.94 | 74.17 ± 8.15 | 76.57 ± 8.09 | 73.88 ± 6.54 | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 162 (8.65%) | 17 (4.53%) | 99 (9.42%) | 35 (10.97%) | 6 (8.82%) | 5 (8.47%) | 0.0265 |
∗Age at enrollment for the current study.