Fig. 4.

Functional, structural and angiogenic changes in cardiomyocytes: immunohistochemistry analysis. Functional, structural and angiogenic changes in cardiomyocytes after 4 weeks of voluntary wheel running (n = 10–13/group). Shown are (a) intra cardiac measurement of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in millimetre of mercury (mmHg) and (b) heart weight (HW) in milligrams (mg). Panel c displays cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area in micrometres-squared (μm²) and (d) typical examples of cardiomyocyte size. In panel e, the capillary-to-cardiomyocyte ratio is shown, together with typical examples of capillary density in panel f. WT wild-type mice, EpoR-tKO EpoR-tissue knock-out mice, Sed sedentary, Run running. Data are presented as mean value ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Sed vs. Run: *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, Sed vs. Sed and Run vs. Run: # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01