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. 2021 Jul 23;12:4488. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24718-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Schematic description of the unilateral light stimulation site, bilateral electrocorticographic (ECoG) recording site and simultaneous single-cell recording in awake head restrained Opn7b expressing (green) mice. Pyramidal cell (PC); Interneuron (IN); Primary motor cortex (M1); Primary somatosensory cortex (S1); Caudate putamen (CPu). b Example trace depicting a change in activity in the secondary visual cortex (V2) ECoG recording (top), corresponding spectral analysis (middle) and simultaneously recorded single-cell activity (bottom) in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) after 5 s blue light (465 nm) stimulation on day 10 after injection. c Example raster plot (top) and peri-stimulus time histogram of a single cell in S1 (same one as depicted in B) stimulated with 5 s blue light (blue box) for 6 repetitive trials. Bin size 1 s. d Stimulation increased the single-cell activity in S1 neurons for Opn7b but not enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP; gray) expressing cells (Opn7b n = 10 cells from 3 animals, eGFP n = 16 cells from 3 animals). Solid line represents the mean, while shadowed area represents the ±SEM. e A significant (repeated measure two-way ANOVA followed by pairwise Bonferroni test, F(1,24) = 21.494, p < 0.001) increase in the mean spike rate (±SEM) upon blue light stimulation (deACT 12 s, blue) compared to pre-stimulation (pre 12 s, white) was found for Opn7b but not eGFP expressing cells. Each circle (Opn7b n = 10 cells from 3 animals, eGFP n = 16 cells from 3 animals) represents an individual cell, while the bar represents the mean. Error bars represented as ±SEM. f Example trace of ECoG activity in M1 before stimulation and during stimulation of Opn7b (top) or eGFP (bottom). g No changes were found in the ECoG activity in the theta, alpha and beta frequency band before stimulation in Opn7b (n = 7 animals) and eGFP (n = 5 animals). h A significant increase in normalized (normalized to pre activity) theta, alpha, and beta (two-sided Mann–Whitney-U-test) frequency-band activity was detectable for Opn7b (n = 7 animals) stimulated Bl6 mice in comparison to eGFP (n = 5 animals) stimulated Bl6 mice on day 7. Each circle represents individual animals, while the bar represents the mean. Error bars represented as ±SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.