Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Jul 23;12:4488. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24718-0

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 4 — a Schematic description of the bilateral electrocorticographic (ECoG) recording in M1. For simultaneous light stimulation, bilateral optic fibers were implanted in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) after viral injection. Primary motor cortex (M1); Caudate putamen (CPu). b Representative example of floxed (flx) Opn7b (green) expression in S1 and general neuronal staining (Nissl, blue) in NEX-cre mice. The dashed box in the left panel represents the fiber tract of the implanted fiber. Scale bar 100 µm. The dashed box in the right top panel is a zoom of a single neuron and its axon (arrow) in the bottom panel. Scale bar 50 µm top panel and 10 µm bottom panel. c Bl6 mice (black trace) and (g) NEX-cre mice (red trace) were recorded weekly and stimulated with 10 s blue light (465 nm, blue box). c First epileptiform activities (EAs) were detectable on day 14 after virus injection following stimulation in Bl6 mice expressing Opn7b and (g) on day 7 in NEX-cre mice in ECoG recordings and video recordings. Pyramidal cell (PC); Interneuron (IN). d Bars represent the percentage of Bl6 mice (n = 7 animals) and (h) NEX-cre (n = 5 animals) mice that developed EA after light stimulation. None of the Bl6 controls expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2, n = 3 animals) or enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP, n = 5 animals) showed pathological ECoG changes upon light stimulation. NEX-cre mice developed EA on every recording day following floxed Opn7b stimulation, while none of the NEX-cre floxed ChR2 (n = 3 animals) or floxed eGFP mice (n = 8 animals) developed EA upon light stimulation. e, i The delay until onset of EA was measured at the time between stimulation onset and the beginning of ECoG EA (see c). Bl6 day 14 n = 7, day 21 n = 6 and Nex-cre day 7–21 n = 5. f, j The EA lasted around 30 s for Bl6 and NEX-cre mice. Bl6 day 14 n = 7, day 21 n = 6 and Nex-cre day 7–21 n = 5. k The severity of EA was measured as the median value of the modified Racine scale which was higher on day 7 in NEX-cre mice than in Bl6 mice. Bl6 day 7–21 n = 7 and Nex-cre day 7–21 n = 5. Each circle represents individual EA, while the bar represents the mean value for all animals. Error bars represented as ±SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.