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. 2021 Jul 23;11:15052. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94438-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Prostate Cancer Biomarker Panel Differentiates Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) from Prostate Cancer (PCa) in Patients with Intermediate and High Gleason Score. (A) Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve for prostate cancer biomarker panel demonstrates better performance in differentiating patients with LUTS/BPH from PCa compared to PSA alone in patients with an intermediate Gleason score (5–7). Area under the curve (AUC) for the panel is 0.76 versus PSA alone 0.56. Shaded grey regions indicate standard error. (B) Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve for prostate cancer biomarker panel demonstrates better performance in differentiating patients with LUTS/BPH from PCa compared to PSA alone in patients with a high Gleason score (8–10). Area under the curve (AUC) for the panel is 0.74 versus PSA alone 0.47. Shaded grey regions indicate standard error. (C) Diagnostic performance (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the OR for each model.