. 2021 Jul 16;30(7):931–938. doi: 10.1007/s10068-021-00934-8

Table 2.

Characteristics of O/W emulsion formulated with various HLB values and surfactant concentrations

O/W emulsion of horse oil	Mean particle diameter (nm)	Zeta-potential (mV)	Polydispersity index	pH
E1	1033.28 ± 41.27^a	19.96 ± 2.85^c	0.19 ± 0.04^c	7.63 ± 0.01^c
E2	886.15 ± 46.67^b	16.35 ± 2.84^b	0.16 ± 0.06^c	7.66 ± 0.02^b
E3	676.02 ± 44.74^c	21.50 ± 3.54^c	0.20 ± 0.08^c	7.74 ± 0.00^a
E4	882.93 ± 58.54^b	26.60 ± 1.00^e	0.14 ± 0.10^c	7.45 ± 0.02^gh
E5	386.83 ± 4.70^ef	32.30 ± 0.46^g	0.23 ± 0.01^c	7.49 ± 0.01^e
E6	353.52 ± 4.49^fg	32.03 ± 0.92^g	0.48 ± 0.14^ab	7.56 ± 0.01^d
E7	577.65 ± 11.73^d	24.05 ± 1.18^d	0.44 ± 0.00^b	7.41 ± 0.00ⁱ
E8	255.93 ± 4.06^h	29.38 ± 0.24^f	0.21 ± 0.00^c	7.47 ± 0.02^ef
E9	240.52 ± 3.29^h	29.76 ± 0.42^f	0.20 ± 0.02^c	7.46 ± 0.01^fg
E10	610.65 ± 28.38^d	8.94 ± 1.35^a	0.56 ± 0.01^a	7.21 ± 0.02^m
E11	334.62 ± 9.27^g	21.13 ± 0.50^c	0.52 ± 0.12^ab	7.34 ± 0.01^j
E12	222.17 ± 4.74^h	23.82 ± 0.68^d	0.20 ± 0.02^c	7.43 ± 0.02^hi
E13	396.77 ± 11.79^ef	19.59 ± 0.83^c	0.57 ± 0.00^a	7.24 ± 0.02^l
E14	246.70 ± 4.89^h	21.37 ± 0.32^c	0.57 ± 0.00^a	7.26 ± 0.01^l
E15	220.28 ± 3.72^h	20.72 ± 0.51^c	0.55 ± 0.05^a	7.28 ± 0.01^k

Each value is expressed as mean ± standard deviation of triplicate determination. Values with different letters in a column are significantly different by Duncan’s multiple range test (p < 0.05). The O/W emulsions were made with 30% horse oil, 10–20% surfactant, and 10–14 HLB values. The ZP value was shown in absolute value