Figure 3. GUDCA reduces ER stress induced by palmitate in vitro.

(A) Representative western blot analysis of ER stress markers p-IRE (B) p-PERK (C) p-eIF2α (D) CHOP (E) p-p38 and (F) p-JNK in HepG2 that were treated with PA with or without GUDCA, for 24 h. GAPDH, Tubulin or β-actin was used as loading control (n = 4/group). All data are presented as the mean ± SEM and analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test; *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 versus control.