Table 7.

Some important biosensors developed recently for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.

S.N	Detection method	Material	Analyte	Detection time	LOD	Detection range
1	Magnetosensor	Glossy carbon electrodes and magnetic beads	Viral S/N protein	30 ​min	8 ​ng/ml for S protein 19 ​ng/ml for N protein		[94]
2	Electrochemical sensor	Gold electrode modified with Fe3O4	RNA genome	Real time	200 copies/ml	10−17-10−12M	[125]
4	Optical biosensor	Optical fiber and gold nanoparticle modified protein	N protein	–	1 ​pg/ml	0.100 ​pg/ml −1 ​ng/ml	[126]
5	Field effect transistor	Graphene layer	S proteins	Real time	1 ​fg/ml		[113]
6	Breath sensor	ABI prism 700 instrument	N protein	10 ​s	–	10-106copies/ml	[127]
7	Piezoelectric immunosensor	Quartz crystal and magnetic particle	Helicase protein	1 ​min	3.5 ​ng/ml	0.050–1.00 ​mg/ml	[128]
8	Laser scanning microscopy (Optical sensor)	Quantum dot fabricated aptamer	N protein	–	0.1 ​pg/ml	0.1–50 ​pg/ml	[129]
9	SPR biosensor	Gold chip/aptamer	RNA genome	Real time	2 ​nM	1nM/1 ​μM	[130]
10	Paper based sensor	COVID-19 ePad	Antibody	45 ​min	1 ​μg/ml	0.1–50 ​μg/ml	[131]
11	SPR based colorimetric sensor	Oligonucleotide tagged gold nanoparticle	RNA genome	10 ​min	3.6–3.9 copies/ml	0.2–3 ​ng/ml	[105]
12	Electrochemical biosensor	Reduced graphene oxide nanoflakes	Antibody	Within minutes	2.8 ​× ​1015 ​M (Spike protein) 16.9 ​× ​1015 ​M (Receptor binding protein antibodies)	–	[132]