Table 2.
Characteristics of 2020 French COVID-19 patients by invasive mechanical ventilation.
| Characteristic | Overall N = 259,1101 |
Invasive mechanical ventilation |
p value2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No n = 232,053 (90%)1 | Yes n = 27,057 (10%)1 | |||
| Sex | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 135,173 (52%) | 116,302 (50%) | 18,871 (70%) | |
| Female | 123,936 (48%) | 115,751 (50%) | 8,185 (30%) | |
| Age | 70 (54, 83) | 71 (54, 84) | 68 (59, 75) | <0.001 |
| Age category, years | <0.001 | |||
| [18,30) | 12,499 (4.8%) | 12,173 (5.2%) | 326 (1.2%) | |
| [30,40) | 16,222 (6.3%) | 15,448 (6.7%) | 774 (2.9%) | |
| [40,50) | 21,245 (8.2%) | 19,483 (8.4%) | 1,762 (6.5%) | |
| [50,60) | 33,054 (13%) | 28,637 (12%) | 4,417 (16%) | |
| [60,70) | 42,088 (16%) | 34,074 (15%) | 8,014 (30%) | |
| [70,80) | 49,658 (19%) | 41,108 (18%) | 8,550 (32%) | |
| [80,90) | 57,512 (22%) | 54,576 (24%) | 2,936 (11%) | |
| [90,Inf) | 26,832 (10%) | 26,554 (11%) | 278 (1.0%) | |
| Alcohol use disorders | 10,006 (3.9%) | 7,956 (3.4%) | 2,050 (7.6%) | <0.001 |
| Current or past tobacco use | 15,049 (5.8%) | 11,745 (5.1%) | 3,304 (12%) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 43,124 (17%) | 34,002 (15%) | 9,122 (34%) | <0.001 |
| Essential (primary) hypertension | 113,407 (44%) | 97,607 (42%) | 15,800 (58%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 61,664 (24%) | 51,950 (22%) | 9,714 (36%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic liver disease | 15,476 (6.0%) | 12,233 (5.3%) | 3,243 (12%) | <0.001 |
| Alcoholic liver disease | 3,623 (1.4%) | 2,769 (1.2%) | 854 (3.2%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic hepatitis B | 820 (0.3%) | 667 (0.3%) | 153 (0.6%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic hepatitis C | 711 (0.3%) | 570 (0.2%) | 141 (0.5%) | <0.001 |
| Other causes of chronic liver disease | 2,299 (0.9%) | 1,864 (0.8%) | 435 (1.6%) | <0.001 |
| Mild liver disease | 2,567 (1.0%) | 2,147 (0.9%) | 420 (1.6%) | <0.001 |
| Compensated cirrhosis | 1,951 (0.8%) | 1,632 (0.7%) | 319 (1.2%) | <0.001 |
| Advanced cirrhosis | 1,256 (0.5%) | 950 (0.4%) | 306 (1.1%) | <0.001 |
| Primary liver cancer | 719 (0.3%) | 627 (0.3%) | 92 (0.3%) | 0.039 |
| Primary liver cancer with specific treatment | 383 (0.1%) | 324 (0.1%) | 59 (0.2%) | 0.001 |
| Liver transplantation | 329 (0.1%) | 210 (<0.1%) | 119 (0.4%) | <0.001 |
| Transplant recipient (without liver transplantation) | 2,290 (0.9%) | 1,682 (0.7%) | 608 (2.2%) | <0.001 |
| Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | 1,118 (0.4%) | 920 (0.4%) | 198 (0.7%) | <0.001 |
| Modified Charlson comorbidity index | <0.001 | |||
| [0,2) | 170,308 (66%) | 155,300 (67%) | 15,008 (55%) | |
| [2,4) | 57,876 (22%) | 50,497 (22%) | 7,379 (27%) | |
| [4,6) | 20,893 (8.1%) | 17,904 (7.7%) | 2,989 (11%) | |
| [6,8) | 7,651 (3.0%) | 6,420 (2.8%) | 1,231 (4.5%) | |
| [8,Inf) | 2,382 (0.9%) | 1,932 (0.8%) | 450 (1.7%) | |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 67,006 (26%) | 48,531 (21%) | 18,475 (68%) | <0.001 |
| Acute kidney injury after COVID-19 | 12,461 (4.8%) | 7,282 (3.1%) | 5,179 (19%) | <0.001 |
| Renal replacement therapy for COVID-19 | 2,892 (1.1%) | 294 (0.1%) | 2,598 (9.6%) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 8,179 (3.2%) | 6,418 (2.8%) | 1,761 (6.5%) | <0.001 |
| Acute liver failure after COVID-19 | 1,222 (0.5%) | 712 (0.3%) | 510 (1.9%) | <0.001 |
| Portal vein thrombosis | 148 (<0.1%) | 109 (<0.1%) | 39 (0.1%) | <0.001 |
| Liver disease progression | 17 (<0.1%) | 13 (<0.1%) | 4 (<0.1%) | 0.094 |
| Day-30 post-COVID mortality | 38,203 (15%) | 30,728 (13%) | 7,475 (28%) | <0.001 |
Data are for patients who were discharged after COVID-19 between February 1 and December 31, 2020 in France. The 2011-2020 French National Patient Registry was used to indentiy underlying conditions before COVID-19. Mild liver disease was chronic liver disease without cirrhosis. Advanced cirrhosis was cirrhosis with ascites, hypertensive bleeding, non-obstructive jaundice, or encephalopathy. The Charlson comorbodity index predicts 10-year survival in patients with multiple comorbidities, and ranges from 0 to 30, without entering age and liver disease, with higher scores indicating higher frailty.
n (%); Median (IQR).
Pearson's Chi-squared test; Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher's exact test.